{"id":591,"date":"2022-01-07T20:33:22","date_gmt":"2022-01-07T14:48:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/microbiologypractical.com\/?p=175"},"modified":"2022-01-27T02:19:29","modified_gmt":"2022-01-26T20:34:29","slug":"malonate-test-objectives-principle-procedure-and-results","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/malonate-test-objectives-principle-procedure-and-results\/","title":{"rendered":"Malonate Test- Objectives, Principle, Procedure and Results"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_65 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0a0a0a;color:#0a0a0a\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0a0a0a;color:#0a0a0a\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/malonate-test-objectives-principle-procedure-and-results\/#objectives-of-malonate-test\" title=\"Objectives of\u00a0Malonate Test\">Objectives of\u00a0Malonate Test<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/malonate-test-objectives-principle-procedure-and-results\/#principle-of-malonate-test\" title=\"Principle\u00a0of\u00a0Malonate Test\">Principle\u00a0of\u00a0Malonate Test<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/malonate-test-objectives-principle-procedure-and-results\/#media-used-in-malonate-test\" title=\"Media Used in Malonate Test\">Media Used in Malonate Test<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/malonate-test-objectives-principle-procedure-and-results\/#procedure-of-malonate-test\" title=\"Procedure\u00a0of\u00a0Malonate Test\">Procedure\u00a0of\u00a0Malonate Test<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/malonate-test-objectives-principle-procedure-and-results\/#result-interpretation-of-malonate-test\" title=\"Result Interpretation of\u00a0Malonate Test\">Result Interpretation of\u00a0Malonate Test<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/malonate-test-objectives-principle-procedure-and-results\/#limitations-of-malonate-test\" title=\"Limitations\u00a0of\u00a0Malonate Test\">Limitations\u00a0of\u00a0Malonate Test<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/malonate-test-objectives-principle-procedure-and-results\/#quality-control-of-malonate-test\" title=\"Quality Control\u00a0of\u00a0Malonate Test\">Quality Control\u00a0of\u00a0Malonate Test<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"objectives-of-malonate-test\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Objectives of\u00a0Malonate Test<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">To test the ability of the organism to utilize malonate as sole source of carbon.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The Malonate Test was originally designed to differentiate between <em>Escherichia<\/em>, which will not grow in the medium, and <em>Enterobacter<\/em>. <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Its use as a differential medium has now broadened to include other members of Enterobacteriaceae.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"principle-of-malonate-test\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Principle\u00a0of\u00a0Malonate Test<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">An organism that simultaneously can utilize sodium malonate as its carbon source and ammonium sulfate as its nitrogen source produces an alkalinity due to the formation of sodium hydroxide. The medium used for malonate utilization test is\u00a0malonate broth.\u00a0It contains mineral salts, sodium malonate for carbon, and ammonium sulfate for its nitrogen source. The p<em>H<\/em>\u00a0indicator is bromothymol blue, which is green at neutral p<em>H<\/em>, yellow at acidic p<em>H<\/em>\u00a0&lt;6.0 and turns blue at alkaline (basic) p<em>H<\/em>\u00a0&gt;7.6. Organisms which simultaneously utilize malonate and ammonium sulfate produce sodium hydroxide which thereby results in an alkaline reaction and changes the indicator from its original green color to light blue or Prussian blue. Organisms which cannot utilize malonate and ammonium sulfate and do not ferment dextrose produce no color change. Organisms which are malonate-negative but do ferment dextrose result in the development of a yellow color due to increased acidity in the medium.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"media-used-in-malonate-test\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Media Used in Malonate Test<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Malonate broth (1000 ml)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<table width=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"363\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Sodium Malonate<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"124\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">3.0gm<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ammonium Sulfate<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">2.0gm<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Sodium Chloride<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">2.0gm<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Yeast Extract<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">1.0gm<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Dipotassium Phosphate<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">0.6gm<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Monopotassium Phosphate<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">0.4gm<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Dextrose<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">0.25gm<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bromothymol Blue<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">0.025gm<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Final pH 6.7 +\/- 0.2 at 25\u00baC.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"procedure-of-malonate-test\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Procedure\u00a0of\u00a0Malonate Test<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Inoculate the tube containing malonate broth with 18-24 hours pure culture of the organism.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Incubate the tube with loosened caps at 35\u00baC in an aerobic atmosphere for 24-48 hours.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Observe for color change in the medium.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"result-interpretation-of-malonate-test\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Result Interpretation of\u00a0Malonate Test<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-176\" src=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Result-Interpretation-of-Malonate-Test.jpg\" alt=\"Result Interpretation of\u00a0Malonate Test\" width=\"650\" height=\"360\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Positive test:<\/strong> development of a blue color in the medium<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Negative test:<\/strong> media remains green or turns yellow due to dextrose fermentation<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"limitations-of-malonate-test\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Limitations\u00a0of\u00a0Malonate Test<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The test organisms must be in pure culture and 18-24 hours old.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Some malonate-positive organisms produce only a slight alkalinity which renders difficulty in interpretation. Questionable and doubtful results should be compared with an uninoculated malonate tube. Any trace of blue color is indicative of a positive test after 48 hours of incubation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Yeast extract and glucose are needed to stimulate growth of some <em>Salmonella<\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">organisms but are not generally necessary for other species.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"quality-control-of-malonate-test\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Quality Control\u00a0of\u00a0Malonate Test<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/em>, ATCC13883- positive test, broth turns deep blue.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Escherichia coli<\/em>, ATCC25922- negative test, broth remains green.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Objectives of\u00a0Malonate Test To test the ability of the organism to utilize malonate as sole source of carbon. The Malonate Test was originally designed to differentiate between Escherichia, which will &#8230; <a title=\"Malonate Test- Objectives, Principle, Procedure and Results\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/malonate-test-objectives-principle-procedure-and-results\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Malonate Test- Objectives, Principle, Procedure and Results\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":534,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[831,832,833,834,835,836,837,838,839],"custom":{"td_video":"","featured_image":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Result-Interpretation-of-Malonate-Test.jpg","author":{"name":"Sagar Aryal","avatar":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/862472ea06500d4318f1ad82addb608e?s=96&d=mm&r=g"},"categories":[{"term_id":702,"name":"Biochemical Test","slug":"biochemical-test","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":702,"taxonomy":"category","description":"<strong>Biochemical tests are the tests that are performed on different bacteria for their identification on the basis of their biochemical activities towards different biochemical compounds.<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Biochemical tests are one of the traditional methods for the identification of microorganisms, usually performed with phenotypic identification.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>For many years these methods were employed extensively, and they continue to be used nowadays, especially in some laboratory routines where a particular type of microorganism has to be identified rapidly.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The ability of microorganisms to utilize certain biomolecules, resulting in useful organic compounds for themselves forms the basis of various biochemical tests.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Biochemical tests are of different types, where the identification or distinction between different microorganisms is made on various bases.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>One of the traditional methods commonly used is a simple visual detection of the growth of the organism in the presence of essential nutrients by increased turbidity in the liquid medium.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>In other tests, however, the results are based on the change in color of the medium as a result of the change in the pH of the medium.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Microorganisms can be classified into different groups on the basis of their reaction to such tests. Some tests even allow the distinction of microorganisms to the species level.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Biochemical tests are thus, essential as they are inexpensive and relatively simple to perform.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The physiology of bacteria and other microorganisms differs from one another, which allows for the differentiation of such microorganisms.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Biochemical tests, however, have some disadvantages. Despite being inexpensive and allowing both quantitative and qualitative information about the diversity of microorganisms present in a sample, these methods are laborious and time-consuming, and results are only observed after several days.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>In some cases, false positives are obtained, especially when considering similar microbial species.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","parent":0,"count":114,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":702,"category_count":114,"category_description":"<strong>Biochemical tests are the tests that are performed on different bacteria for their identification on the basis of their biochemical activities towards different biochemical compounds.<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Biochemical tests are one of the traditional methods for the identification of microorganisms, usually performed with phenotypic identification.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>For many years these methods were employed extensively, and they continue to be used nowadays, especially in some laboratory routines where a particular type of microorganism has to be identified rapidly.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The ability of microorganisms to utilize certain biomolecules, resulting in useful organic compounds for themselves forms the basis of various biochemical tests.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Biochemical tests are of different types, where the identification or distinction between different microorganisms is made on various bases.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>One of the traditional methods commonly used is a simple visual detection of the growth of the organism in the presence of essential nutrients by increased turbidity in the liquid medium.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>In other tests, however, the results are based on the change in color of the medium as a result of the change in the pH of the medium.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Microorganisms can be classified into different groups on the basis of their reaction to such tests. Some tests even allow the distinction of microorganisms to the species level.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Biochemical tests are thus, essential as they are inexpensive and relatively simple to perform.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The physiology of bacteria and other microorganisms differs from one another, which allows for the differentiation of such microorganisms.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Biochemical tests, however, have some disadvantages. Despite being inexpensive and allowing both quantitative and qualitative information about the diversity of microorganisms present in a sample, these methods are laborious and time-consuming, and results are only observed after several days.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>In some cases, false positives are obtained, especially when considering similar microbial species.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","cat_name":"Biochemical Test","category_nicename":"biochemical-test","category_parent":0}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/591"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=591"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/591\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/534"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=591"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=591"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=591"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}