{"id":578,"date":"2022-01-23T18:19:48","date_gmt":"2022-01-23T12:34:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/microbiologypractical.com\/?p=112"},"modified":"2022-05-04T01:41:24","modified_gmt":"2022-05-03T19:56:24","slug":"hippurate-hydrolysis-test-principle-procedure-and-result-interpretation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/hippurate-hydrolysis-test-principle-procedure-and-result-interpretation\/","title":{"rendered":"Hippurate Hydrolysis Test- Principle, Procedure, Result, Uses"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_65 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0a0a0a;color:#0a0a0a\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0a0a0a;color:#0a0a0a\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/hippurate-hydrolysis-test-principle-procedure-and-result-interpretation\/#hippurate-hydrolysis-test-definition\" title=\"Hippurate Hydrolysis Test Definition\">Hippurate Hydrolysis Test Definition<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/hippurate-hydrolysis-test-principle-procedure-and-result-interpretation\/#objectives-of-hippurate-hydrolysis-test\" title=\"Objectives of Hippurate Hydrolysis Test\">Objectives of Hippurate Hydrolysis Test<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/hippurate-hydrolysis-test-principle-procedure-and-result-interpretation\/#microorganisms-tested\" title=\"Microorganisms Tested\">Microorganisms Tested<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/hippurate-hydrolysis-test-principle-procedure-and-result-interpretation\/#principle-of-hippurate-hydrolysis-test\" title=\"Principle of Hippurate Hydrolysis Test\">Principle of Hippurate Hydrolysis Test<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/hippurate-hydrolysis-test-principle-procedure-and-result-interpretation\/#media-reagent-and-supplies-used\" title=\"Media, Reagent, and Supplies Used\">Media, Reagent, and Supplies Used<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/hippurate-hydrolysis-test-principle-procedure-and-result-interpretation\/#reagents-used\" title=\"Reagents Used\">Reagents Used<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/hippurate-hydrolysis-test-principle-procedure-and-result-interpretation\/#supplies-used\" title=\"Supplies Used\">Supplies Used<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/hippurate-hydrolysis-test-principle-procedure-and-result-interpretation\/#procedure-of-hippurate-hydrolysis-test\" title=\"Procedure of Hippurate Hydrolysis Test\">Procedure of Hippurate Hydrolysis Test<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/hippurate-hydrolysis-test-principle-procedure-and-result-interpretation\/#a-preparation-of-hippurate-solution\" title=\"A. Preparation of hippurate solution\">A. Preparation of hippurate solution<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/hippurate-hydrolysis-test-principle-procedure-and-result-interpretation\/#b-hydrolysis-test\" title=\"B. Hydrolysis Test\">B. Hydrolysis Test<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/hippurate-hydrolysis-test-principle-procedure-and-result-interpretation\/#result-interpretation-of-hippurate-hydrolysis-test\" title=\"Result Interpretation of Hippurate Hydrolysis Test\">Result Interpretation of Hippurate Hydrolysis Test<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/hippurate-hydrolysis-test-principle-procedure-and-result-interpretation\/#control-organisms\" title=\"Control organisms\">Control organisms<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/hippurate-hydrolysis-test-principle-procedure-and-result-interpretation\/#reporting-results\" title=\"Reporting results\">Reporting results<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/hippurate-hydrolysis-test-principle-procedure-and-result-interpretation\/#uses-of-hippurate-hydrolysis-test\" title=\"Uses of Hippurate Hydrolysis Test\">Uses of Hippurate Hydrolysis Test<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/hippurate-hydrolysis-test-principle-procedure-and-result-interpretation\/#limitations-of-hippurate-hydrolysis-test\" title=\"Limitations of Hippurate Hydrolysis Test\">Limitations of Hippurate Hydrolysis Test<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/hippurate-hydrolysis-test-principle-procedure-and-result-interpretation\/#references-and-sources\" title=\"References and Sources\">References and Sources<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"hippurate-hydrolysis-test-definition\"><\/span><strong>Hippurate Hydrolysis Test Definition<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Hippurate hydrolysis test is a biochemical test that differentiates microorganisms on the basis of their ability to hydrolyze hippurate into glycine and benzoic acid by the enzymatic action of hippuricase.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Traditionally, the test was performed using a ferric chloride indicator to detect benzoic acid, which would take a longer period of time.<\/li>\n<li>Nowadays, however, the test has been modified and is used as a rapid test by the detection of glycine by the addition of ninhydrin as an indicator.<\/li>\n<li>The test distinguishes Group B streptococci from Groups A, C, F, and G that cannot hydrolyze sodium hippurate. However, some Group D and very few viridans streptococci might also hydrolyze sodium hippurate.<\/li>\n<li>The test utilizes the ability of an organism to hydrolyze sodium hippurate. It is one of the few tests that aid in the differentiation of bovine \u03b2-hemolytic Group B streptococci, from human \u03b2-hemolytic Group B <em>Streptococcus<\/em> species.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"objectives-of-hippurate-hydrolysis-test\"><\/span><strong>Objectives of Hippurate Hydrolysis Test<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>To detect the production of the hippuricase enzyme that hydrolyses the substrate hippurate.<\/li>\n<li>To differentiate bacteria on the basis of their ability to hydrolyze hippurate.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"microorganisms-tested\"><\/span><strong>Microorganisms Tested<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Presumptive <em>L. monocytogenes<\/em>: tiny Gram-positive rods that are catalase-positive, motile at 25\u00b0C, and beta-hemolytic.<\/li>\n<li>Presumptive <em>S. agalactiae<\/em>: Gram-positive cocci that are catalase-negative, displaying a translucent colony with a characteristic narrow zone of beta-hemolysis.<\/li>\n<li>Presumptive <em>C. jejuni<\/em>: curved Gram-negative rods that are oxidase and catalase-positive and do not grow aerobically at 35\u00b0C.<\/li>\n<li>Presumptive <em>G. vaginalis<\/em>: catalase-negative, tiny Gram-variable rods.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"principle-of-hippurate-hydrolysis-test\"><\/span><strong>Principle of Hippurate Hydrolysis Test<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The hippurate test is based on the ability of the organism to hydrolyze sodium hippurate to benzoic acid and glycine by the action of the enzyme hippuricase. It is primarily used in the identification of <em>Campylobacter jejuni<\/em>, <em>Listeria<\/em> <em>monocytogenes<\/em>, <em>Gardnerella vaginalis<\/em>, and <em>Streptococcus agalactiae. <\/em>The ability of bacterial species to hydrolyze hippurate was classically tested using a ferric chloride indicator to detect benzoic acid. However, a 2 hr rapid method, as opposed to the 48 hr traditional method, for the detection of hippurate hydrolysis has since been developed. The rapid test involves ninhydrin as the indicator, which reacts with any protein or amino acid and, in this case, detects glycine. Glycine is deaminated by the oxidizing action of ninhydrin which causes the reduction of ninhydrin, resulting in a purple-colored complex. The test medium used must only have hippurate as a protein source since ninhydrin reacts with any free amino acids present. The rapid hippurate hydrolysis test, which detects the benzoic acid by-product, has been shown to be as sensitive and as specific as the classical method.<\/p>\n<p>Hippurate \u2192 Glycine + Benzoic acid<\/p>\n<p>Glycine + Ninhydrin \u2192 purple-colored complex<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"media-reagent-and-supplies-used\"><\/span><strong>Media, Reagent, and Supplies Used<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"reagents-used\"><\/span><strong>Reagents Used<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4><strong>a. Hippurate solution <\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Hippurate reagent can be found either commercially in the form of dehydrated tubes or as disks or tablets.<\/li>\n<li>It can be, however, prepared in the laboratory as a 1% hippurate solution.<\/li>\n<li>For laboratory preparation, 1 g of sodium hippurate is added to 100 ml of distilled water.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>b. Ninhydrin <\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Ninhydrin reagent can also be found commercially, but it can also be prepared in the laboratory if necessary chemicals are available.<\/li>\n<li>For laboratory preparation of ninhydrin reagent, 50 ml of acetone and 50 ml of 1-butanol are added to a dark glass bottle. To the bottle, 3.5 grams of ninhydrin is added and mixed well.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"supplies-used\"><\/span><strong>Supplies Used<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Sterile wooden sticks or inoculating loops<\/li>\n<li>Incubator at 35\u00b0C<\/li>\n<li>Test tubes<\/li>\n<li>Distilled water<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"procedure-of-hippurate-hydrolysis-test\"><\/span><strong>Procedure of Hippurate Hydrolysis Test<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"a-preparation-of-hippurate-solution\"><\/span><strong>A. Preparation of hippurate solution<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>In the case of commercially bought dehydrated hippurate, 0.2 ml (3 or 4 drops) of distilled water at a pH of 6.8 to 7.2 is added to the test reagent.<\/li>\n<li>2 drops of distilled water are added to an empty tube for disk or tablet tests.<\/li>\n<li>For laboratory prepared hippurate solution, 0.4 ml of the reagent is added to a tube per test.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"b-hydrolysis-test\"><\/span><strong>B. Hydrolysis Test<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>In the tube, a heavy suspension (equivalent to no. 3 McFarland standard) is prepared from an 18- to 24-hr culture. The colony should be picked up carefully as not to pick up agar, which contains protein.<\/li>\n<li>The tube is then incubated for 2 h at 35\u00b0C to 37\u00b0C.<\/li>\n<li>After the 2-h incubation period, 2 drops of the ninhydrin solution are added to the hippurate reagent-organism mixture. An additional 2 drops are to be added if the test has 0.4 ml or more of the hippurate.<\/li>\n<li>The tubes are then reincubated at 35 to 37\u00b0C for 30 min.<\/li>\n<li>The observation of the tubes is made at 10-min intervals for the appearance of deep blue color. The color change will usually appear within 10 to 15 min after the ninhydrin indicator solution has been added.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"result-interpretation-of-hippurate-hydrolysis-test\"><\/span><strong>Result Interpretation of Hippurate Hydrolysis Test<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-521\" src=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Result-Interpretation-of-Hippurate-Hydrolysis-Test.jpg\" alt=\"Result Interpretation of\u00a0Hippurate Hydrolysis Test\" width=\"650\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Result-Interpretation-of-Hippurate-Hydrolysis-Test.jpg 650w, https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Result-Interpretation-of-Hippurate-Hydrolysis-Test-300x166.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A positive hippurate hydrolysis reaction is indicated by the appearance of a deep blue color (about the color of crystal violet) within 30 min.<\/li>\n<li>A negative reaction is indicated by the appearance of a faint purple color or no color change.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"control-organisms\"><\/span><strong>Control organisms<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Streptococcus agalactiae<\/em>: hippurate positive.<\/li>\n<li><em>Streptococcus pyogenes: <\/em>hippurate negative.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"reporting-results\"><\/span><strong>Reporting results<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><em>L. monocytogenes <\/em>organisms are tiny Gram-positive rods that are catalase-positive, motile at 25\u00b0C, beta-hemolytic, <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/camp-test-principle-procedure-and-result-interpretation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>CAMP<\/strong><\/a> positive, and hippurate positive.<\/li>\n<li><em>S. agalactiae <\/em>organisms are catalase-negative, Gram-positive cocci that are identified by having a characteristic narrow zone of beta-hemolysis and are hippurate positive.<\/li>\n<li><em>C. jejuni <\/em>organisms are curved, Gram-negative rods that are identified by having a positive oxidase and catalase reaction, having no growth aerobically at 35\u00b0C, and being hippurate positive.<\/li>\n<li><em>G. vaginalis <\/em>organisms are catalase-negative, Gram-variable rods that are hemolytic on human blood agar and are hippurate positive.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"uses-of-hippurate-hydrolysis-test\"><\/span><strong>Uses of Hippurate Hydrolysis Test<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>The hippurate hydrolysis test is used to differentiate between the species of the genus <em>Streptococcus<\/em> as Group B streptococci can thus be differentiated from Groups A, C, F, and G, members of which cannot hydrolyze sodium hippurate.<\/li>\n<li>The test is also conducted to detect the production of the hippuricase enzyme that hydrolyzes the substrate hippurate.<\/li>\n<li>Hippurate hydrolysis by bacteria is also used in the presumptive identification of\u00a0<em>Gardnerella vaginalis, Campylobacter jejuni,\u00a0<\/em>and\u00a0<em>Listeria monocytogenes.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"limitations-of-hippurate-hydrolysis-test\"><\/span><strong>Limitations of Hippurate Hydrolysis Test<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Not all <em>S. agalactiae <\/em>organisms are beta-hemolytic, and some viridans group streptococci can be hippurate positive; thus, another test must be done on nonhemolytic colonies to confirm the identification.<\/li>\n<li>A small number of enterococci are beta-hemolytic and may hydrolyze hippurate, but they are pyrrolidonyl-\u03b2-naphthylamide (PYR) positive.<\/li>\n<li>A small percentage of <em>C. jejuni <\/em>organisms are hippurate negative and must be identified by other methods.<\/li>\n<li>A negative test does not rule out the identification of <em>G. vaginalis<\/em>, since the biotypes that cause bacterial vaginosis can be hippurate negative.<\/li>\n<li>False-positive results can occur if incubation with ninhydrin exceeds 30 min.<\/li>\n<li>The hippurate reagent deteriorates in about 7 days when kept at 4\u00b0C.<\/li>\n<li>The inoculation of low inoculum might result in false-negative results.<\/li>\n<li>The test should not be taken as a confirmatory test, and other immunological, molecular, or mass spectrometry testing must be performed to identify an organism accurately.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"references-and-sources\"><\/span><strong>References and Sources<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Biochemical Tests for the Identification of Aerobic Bacteria. (2016).\u00a0<em>Clinical Microbiology Procedures Handbook, 3.17.1.1\u20133.17.48.3.<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Hippurate Hydrolysis Test. DD035. HiMedia Laboratories.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Evaluation of the Rapid Hippurate Hydrolysis Test with Enterococcal Group D Streptococci. Journal of Clinical Microbiology\u00a0Aug 1977,\u00a06\u00a0(2)\u00a0185.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">3% &#8211; https:\/\/www.onlinebiologynotes.com\/hippurate-hydrolysis-test-principle-procedure-result-interpretations-and-limitations\/<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">2% &#8211; https:\/\/hypothes.is\/users\/ddeltoro<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">1% &#8211; https:\/\/quizlet.com\/215783683\/microbiology-flash-cards\/<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/RaviKantAgrawal\/biochemical-tests-for-identification-of-bacteria<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/medicine-and-dentistry\/rapid-diagnostic-test<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/agricultural-and-biological-sciences\/rapid-methods<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">&lt;1% &#8211; 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https:\/\/quizlet.com\/222537379\/harr-74-microbiology-miscellaneous-and-fastidious-gram-negative-rods-flash-cards\/<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/microbiologynotes.com\/hippurate-hydrolysis-test-principle-uses-procedure-result-interpretation-with-limitations\/<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/microbeonline.com\/hippurate-hydrolysis-test-principle-procedure-uses-results\/<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/bile-solubility-test-principle-procedure-and-result-interpretation\/<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hippurate Hydrolysis Test Definition Hippurate hydrolysis test is a biochemical test that differentiates microorganisms on the basis of their ability to hydrolyze hippurate into glycine and benzoic acid by the &#8230; <a title=\"Hippurate Hydrolysis Test- Principle, Procedure, Result, Uses\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/hippurate-hydrolysis-test-principle-procedure-and-result-interpretation\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Hippurate Hydrolysis Test- Principle, Procedure, Result, Uses\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":521,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[760,761,762,774],"custom":{"td_video":"","featured_image":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Result-Interpretation-of-Hippurate-Hydrolysis-Test.jpg","author":{"name":"Anupama Sapkota","avatar":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0e9c86afc1670c49efeb260138ec905b?s=96&d=mm&r=g"},"categories":[{"term_id":702,"name":"Biochemical Test","slug":"biochemical-test","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":702,"taxonomy":"category","description":"<strong>Biochemical tests are the tests that are performed on different bacteria for their identification on the basis of their biochemical activities towards different biochemical compounds.<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Biochemical tests are one of the traditional methods for the identification of microorganisms, usually performed with phenotypic identification.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>For many years these methods were employed extensively, and they continue to be used nowadays, especially in some laboratory routines where a particular type of microorganism has to be identified rapidly.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The ability of microorganisms to utilize certain biomolecules, resulting in useful organic compounds for themselves forms the basis of various biochemical tests.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Biochemical tests are of different types, where the identification or distinction between different microorganisms is made on various bases.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>One of the traditional methods commonly used is a simple visual detection of the growth of the organism in the presence of essential nutrients by increased turbidity in the liquid medium.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>In other tests, however, the results are based on the change in color of the medium as a result of the change in the pH of the medium.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Microorganisms can be classified into different groups on the basis of their reaction to such tests. Some tests even allow the distinction of microorganisms to the species level.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Biochemical tests are thus, essential as they are inexpensive and relatively simple to perform.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The physiology of bacteria and other microorganisms differs from one another, which allows for the differentiation of such microorganisms.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Biochemical tests, however, have some disadvantages. Despite being inexpensive and allowing both quantitative and qualitative information about the diversity of microorganisms present in a sample, these methods are laborious and time-consuming, and results are only observed after several days.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>In some cases, false positives are obtained, especially when considering similar microbial species.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","parent":0,"count":114,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":702,"category_count":114,"category_description":"<strong>Biochemical tests are the tests that are performed on different bacteria for their identification on the basis of their biochemical activities towards different biochemical compounds.<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Biochemical tests are one of the traditional methods for the identification of microorganisms, usually performed with phenotypic identification.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>For many years these methods were employed extensively, and they continue to be used nowadays, especially in some laboratory routines where a particular type of microorganism has to be identified rapidly.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The ability of microorganisms to utilize certain biomolecules, resulting in useful organic compounds for themselves forms the basis of various biochemical tests.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Biochemical tests are of different types, where the identification or distinction between different microorganisms is made on various bases.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>One of the traditional methods commonly used is a simple visual detection of the growth of the organism in the presence of essential nutrients by increased turbidity in the liquid medium.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>In other tests, however, the results are based on the change in color of the medium as a result of the change in the pH of the medium.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Microorganisms can be classified into different groups on the basis of their reaction to such tests. Some tests even allow the distinction of microorganisms to the species level.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Biochemical tests are thus, essential as they are inexpensive and relatively simple to perform.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The physiology of bacteria and other microorganisms differs from one another, which allows for the differentiation of such microorganisms.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Biochemical tests, however, have some disadvantages. Despite being inexpensive and allowing both quantitative and qualitative information about the diversity of microorganisms present in a sample, these methods are laborious and time-consuming, and results are only observed after several days.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>In some cases, false positives are obtained, especially when considering similar microbial species.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","cat_name":"Biochemical Test","category_nicename":"biochemical-test","category_parent":0}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/578"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=578"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/578\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/521"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=578"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=578"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=578"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}