{"id":571,"date":"2022-01-18T15:00:23","date_gmt":"2022-01-18T09:15:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/microbiologypractical.com\/?p=90"},"modified":"2022-09-17T19:34:09","modified_gmt":"2022-09-17T13:49:09","slug":"coagulase-test-principle-procedure-and-result-interpretation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/coagulase-test-principle-procedure-and-result-interpretation\/","title":{"rendered":"Coagulase Test- Principle, Procedure, Types, Result, Uses"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>A coagulase test is a biochemical test that is used to differentiate <em>Staphylococcus aureus<\/em> from other Staphylococci species like <em>S. epidermidis<\/em> and <em>S. saprophyticus<\/em> on the basis of the ability to produce the coagulase enzyme.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>The coagulase test is an important test that differentiates the species of the genus Staphylococci into two groups; Coagulase positive Staphylococci and Coagulase Negative Staphylococci.<\/li><li>The coagulase enzyme acts as a virulence factor in some organisms as it interacts with the fibrinogen present on the host\u2019s cell surface.<\/li><li>Organisms with coagulase usually have a protective barrier around themselves, increasing their pathogenicity and resistance against the immune system.<\/li><li>Coagulase is of two types; free coagulase and bound coagulase, each of which is detected by different methods.<\/li><li>The bound coagulase is called the clumping factor and is detected rapidly by a slide test. The free coagulase, in turn, is detected in the test tube as a result of the formation of a clot.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full wp-image-33860\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"825\" height=\"433\" src=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Coagulase-Test.jpeg\" alt=\"Coagulase Test\" class=\"wp-image-33860\" srcset=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Coagulase-Test.jpeg 825w, https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Coagulase-Test-300x157.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Coagulase-Test-768x403.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 825px) 100vw, 825px\" \/><figcaption>Created with BioRender.com<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_65 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0a0a0a;color:#0a0a0a\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0a0a0a;color:#0a0a0a\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/coagulase-test-principle-procedure-and-result-interpretation\/#objectives-of-coagulase-test\" title=\"Objectives of Coagulase Test\">Objectives of Coagulase Test<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/coagulase-test-principle-procedure-and-result-interpretation\/#principle-of-coagulase-test\" title=\"Principle of Coagulase Test\">Principle of Coagulase Test<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/coagulase-test-principle-procedure-and-result-interpretation\/#bound-coagulase\" title=\"Bound coagulase\">Bound coagulase<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/coagulase-test-principle-procedure-and-result-interpretation\/#free-coagulase\" title=\"Free coagulase\">Free coagulase<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/coagulase-test-principle-procedure-and-result-interpretation\/#microorganisms-tested\" title=\"Microorganisms Tested\">Microorganisms Tested<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/coagulase-test-principle-procedure-and-result-interpretation\/#reagents-and-supplies-used\" title=\"Reagents and Supplies Used\">Reagents and Supplies Used<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/coagulase-test-principle-procedure-and-result-interpretation\/#reagent\" title=\"Reagent\">Reagent<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/coagulase-test-principle-procedure-and-result-interpretation\/#supplies\" title=\"Supplies\">Supplies<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/coagulase-test-principle-procedure-and-result-interpretation\/#procedure-of-coagulase-test\" title=\"Procedure of Coagulase Test\">Procedure of Coagulase Test<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/coagulase-test-principle-procedure-and-result-interpretation\/#slide-test\" title=\"Slide Test\">Slide Test<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/coagulase-test-principle-procedure-and-result-interpretation\/#tube-test\" title=\"Tube Test\">Tube Test<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/coagulase-test-principle-procedure-and-result-interpretation\/#result-interpretation-of-coagulase-test\" title=\"Result Interpretation of Coagulase Test\">Result Interpretation of Coagulase Test<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/coagulase-test-principle-procedure-and-result-interpretation\/#slide-test-2\" title=\"Slide Test\">Slide Test<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/coagulase-test-principle-procedure-and-result-interpretation\/#test-tube\" title=\"Test Tube\">Test Tube<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/coagulase-test-principle-procedure-and-result-interpretation\/#uses-of-coagulase-test\" title=\"Uses of Coagulase Test\">Uses of Coagulase Test<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/coagulase-test-principle-procedure-and-result-interpretation\/#limitations-of-coagulase-test\" title=\"Limitations of Coagulase Test\">Limitations of Coagulase Test<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/coagulase-test-principle-procedure-and-result-interpretation\/#references-and-sources\" title=\"References and Sources\">References and Sources<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"objectives-of-coagulase-test\"><\/span><strong>Objectives of Coagulase Test<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>To detect free coagulase and bound coagulase produced by different organisms.<\/li><li>To differentiate coagulase-positive Staphylococci from coagulase-negative Staphylococci.<\/li><li>To identify and differentiate <em>S. <\/em><em> aureus<\/em> from other Staphylococcal species.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"principle-of-coagulase-test\"><\/span><strong>Principle of Coagulase Test<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Coagulase is an enzymatic protein that is a thermostable thrombin-like substance, which converts fibrinogen into fibrin resulting in clotting or clumping. In <em>S. <\/em><em> aureus<\/em>, two different forms of coagulase are found; free coagulase and bound coagulase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"bound-coagulase\"><\/span><strong>Bound coagulase<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>The clumping factor, termed bound coagulase, can be detected rapidly in the slide test, but this test requires several colonies and lacks sensitivity.<\/li><li><em> S. aureus <\/em>produces another substance in its cell wall, protein A, which binds to the F<sub>C<\/sub> moiety of human immunoglobulin G (IgG) and thus acts as a coagulase-reacting factor.<\/li><li>When latex or erythrocyte particles are coated with IgG and with human fibrinogen, a staphylococcus will agglutinate if either clumping factor or protein A is present in the bacterial cell wall.<\/li><li>The presence of the clumping factor is demonstrated by the ability of the organism to act directly on the fibrinogen in the plasma to clump it in a slide assay.<\/li><li>The test for the clumping factor is rapid but requires several colonies, and also the factor might not be present in all <em>S. <\/em><em> aureus <\/em>organisms.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"free-coagulase\"><\/span><strong>Free coagulase<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Another type of coagulase that is released by the organism is free coagulase.<\/li><li>Free coagulase is different from bound coagulase in that the clotting mechanism of free coagulase requires the activation of a plasma coagulase-reacting factor (CRF), which is a modified or derived thrombin molecule, to form a coagulase-CRF complex.<\/li><li>The plasma added to the tube is preferably rabbit plasma which acts as a binding factor.<\/li><li>The complex then reacts with fibrinogen to form the fibrin clot in a test tube.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"microorganisms-tested\"><\/span><strong>Microorganisms Tested<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Colonies of Gram-positive cocci in clusters that are catalase-positive, as part of the identification of <em>S. aureus.<\/em><\/li><li>Positive blood cultures containing Gram-positive cocci in clusters for rapid detection of <em>S. <\/em><em> aureus.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"reagents-and-supplies-used\"><\/span><strong>Reagents and Supplies Used<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"reagent\"><\/span><strong>Reagent<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Frozen plasma (preferably rabbit plasma) with EDTA. Human plasma is commonly not used for the test, as it is less sensitive and potentially infectious with human pathogenic viruses.<\/li><li>5% CaCl<sub>2<\/sub> (optional)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"supplies\"><\/span><strong>Supplies<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Loops or sterile sticks<\/li><li>Glass or plastic tubes<\/li><li>Glass slides<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"procedure-of-coagulase-test\"><\/span><strong>Procedure of Coagulase Test<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Coagulase can be detected by two different methods; tube test and slide test.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"slide-test\"><\/span><strong>Slide Test<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>About 10 \u00b5l of deionized water or physiological saline is added to a slide.<\/li><li>Several colonies from a fresh culture are collected with an inoculating loop and are emulsified into the water to obtain a smooth milk-colored suspension.<\/li><li>A drop of a rabbit or human plasma is added to the slide, and the clumping is observed immediately, not to exceed 10 seconds.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"tube-test\"><\/span><strong>Tube Test<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>The plasma is diluted with physiological saline. (Add 0.2 ml plasma in 1.8 ml saline)<\/li><li>5 ml of the diluted plasma is then added to a test tube. About 5 drops of the test organism culture are added to the test tube.<\/li><li>The test tube is mixed and incubated at 37\u00b0C for an hour.<\/li><li>The tube is finally observed for clot formation. If no clotting is observed, the tube should be examined at 30 minutes intervals of up to 6 hours.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"result-interpretation-of-coagulase-test\"><\/span><strong>Result Interpretation of Coagulase Test<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Coagulase-Test-Results.jpg\" alt=\"Coagulase Test Results\" class=\"wp-image-30990\" srcset=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Coagulase-Test-Results.jpg 800w, https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Coagulase-Test-Results-300x158.jpg 300w, https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Coagulase-Test-Results-768x403.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Figure:<\/strong> Coagulase Test. <strong>Lower A-<\/strong> Slide coagulase test for clumping factor. The left side is positive; the right side is negative. <strong>Lower B-<\/strong> Tube coagulase test for free coagulase. The tube on the left is positive, exhibiting a clot. The tube on the right is negative. <strong>Above:<\/strong> Negative coagulase test in <em>Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/em> (left) and positive coagulase tests in <em>Staphylococcus aureus<\/em> (center and right). <strong>Lower Image Source A and B:<\/strong> Bailey and Scott\u2019s Diagnostic Microbiology. Elsevier and <strong>Above Image Source:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.m.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Coagulase_test_in_S._aureus_and_S._epidermidis.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">New HanseN (Wikipedia)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"slide-test-2\"><\/span><strong>Slide Test<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>A positive test is the demonstration of the agglutination of the bacterial cells after the plasma is added.<\/li><li>A negative test is demonstrated by the lack of agglutination.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"test-tube\"><\/span><strong>Test Tube<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A positive test meets one of the following criteria:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>Complete clot formation or any degree of clot formation before 24 hours.<\/li><li>No clot formation after the addition of 1 or 2 drops of 5% CaCl<sub>2<\/sub> to a tube without a clot at 24 hours.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>A negative test meets one of the following criteria:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>A lack of clot formation at 24 h at 25\u00b0C.<\/li><li>No clot after 24 hours at 35\u00b0C, but after the addition of 1 or 2 drops of 5% CaCl<sub>2<\/sub> to the tube, a clot forms.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Coagulase Positive organisms:<\/strong> <em>Staphylococcus aureus&nbsp;<\/em>and other animal host bacteria like<em>&nbsp;&nbsp;S. pseudintermedius,&nbsp;S. intermedius,&nbsp;S. schleiferi, &nbsp;S. delphini,&nbsp;S. hyicus,&nbsp;S. lutrae,&nbsp;S. hyicus<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Coagulase Negative organisms: <\/strong><em>Staphylococcus&nbsp;epidermidis,&nbsp;S. saprophyticus,&nbsp;S. warneri, S. hominis, S. caprae,&nbsp;<\/em>etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"uses-of-coagulase-test\"><\/span><strong>Uses of Coagulase Test<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>The coagulase test is used to determine the production of coagulase by different microorganisms.<\/li><li>This test can also be used to differentiate <em>S. <\/em><em> aureus<\/em> from other Staphylococcal species.<\/li><li>Staphylococcal species are differentiated into coagulase-negative and coagulase-positive species on the basis of the production of the coagulase enzyme.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"limitations-of-coagulase-test\"><\/span><strong>Limitations of Coagulase Test<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Methicillin-resistant <em>S. <\/em><em> aureus <\/em>can be deficient in bound coagulase, which results in a negative slide test.<\/li><li><em>S. intermedius <\/em>and <em>S. hyicus <\/em>may be positive in the tube test; these species are generally found only in dogs and pigs, respectively, but are as infectious as <em>S. aureus <\/em>when they infect humans.<\/li><li><em> S. lugdunensis <\/em>and <em>S. schleiferi <\/em>produce slide coagulase, but the reaction is more efficient if the human plasma is used rather than rabbit plasma.<\/li><li>Citrated blood should not be used as false-positive results can occur.<\/li><li>Coagulase testing cannot be performed from growth on <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/mannitol-salt-agar-msa\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>mannitol salt agar<\/strong><\/a>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"references-and-sources\"><\/span><strong>References and Sources<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>Biochemical Tests for the Identification of Aerobic Bacteria. (2016).\u00a0Clinical Microbiology Procedures Handbook, 3.17.1.1\u20133.17.48.3.DOI:10.1128\/9781555818814.ch3.17.1<\/li><li>Berke, A., and\u00a0R. C.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Tilton.\u00a0\u00a01986. Evaluation of rapid coagulase methods for the identification of\u00a0Staphylococcus aureus. J Clin. Microbiol.\u00a023\u00a0:916\u2013919.<\/li><li>3% &#8211; http:\/\/universe84a.com\/coagulase-test\/<\/li><li>1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.scribd.com\/presentation\/225246434\/Serology<\/li><li>1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/288058469_Coagulase_Gene_Typing_with_Emphasis_on_Methicillin-Resistance_Staphylococci_Emergence_to_Public_Health<\/li><li>1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28109774<\/li><li>1% &#8211; https:\/\/healthjunta.com\/gram-positive-cocci-inclusters\/<\/li><li>1% &#8211; https:\/\/assets.thermofisher.com\/TFS-Assets\/LSG\/manuals\/IFU1580.pdf<\/li><li>1% &#8211; http:\/\/www.uwyo.edu\/molb2210_lab\/info\/biochemical_tests.htm<\/li><li>1% &#8211; http:\/\/vlab.amrita.edu\/?sub=3&amp;brch=73&amp;sim=703&amp;cnt=1<\/li><li>&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.microrao.com\/micronotes\/coagulase.pdf<\/li><li>&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.instructables.com\/id\/How-to-make-plasma\/<\/li><li>&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/vlab.amrita.edu\/?sub=3&amp;brch=73&amp;sim=703&amp;cnt=2<\/li><li>&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/quizlet.com\/40246991\/bio-326m-test3-flash-cards\/<\/li><li>&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/quizlet.com\/246767065\/5-27-coagulase-test-flash-cards\/<\/li><li>&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/microbeonline.com\/diagnostic-tests-biochemical-tests-coagulase-test\/<\/li><li>&lt;1% &#8211; http:\/\/www.uvm.edu\/~btessman\/calc\/calc1a.html<\/li><\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A coagulase test is a biochemical test that is used to differentiate Staphylococcus aureus from other Staphylococci species like S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus on the basis of the ability &#8230; <a title=\"Coagulase Test- Principle, Procedure, Types, Result, Uses\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/coagulase-test-principle-procedure-and-result-interpretation\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Coagulase Test- Principle, Procedure, Types, Result, Uses\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":33860,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[5668,729,5667,242,243],"custom":{"td_video":"","featured_image":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Coagulase-Test.jpeg","author":{"name":"Anupama Sapkota","avatar":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0e9c86afc1670c49efeb260138ec905b?s=96&d=mm&r=g"},"categories":[{"term_id":702,"name":"Biochemical Test","slug":"biochemical-test","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":702,"taxonomy":"category","description":"<strong>Biochemical tests are the tests that are performed on different bacteria for their identification on the basis of their biochemical activities towards different biochemical compounds.<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Biochemical tests are one of the traditional methods for the identification of microorganisms, usually performed with phenotypic identification.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>For many years these methods were employed extensively, and they continue to be used nowadays, especially in some laboratory routines where a particular type of microorganism has to be identified rapidly.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The ability of microorganisms to utilize certain biomolecules, resulting in useful organic compounds for themselves forms the basis of various biochemical tests.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Biochemical tests are of different types, where the identification or distinction between different microorganisms is made on various bases.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>One of the traditional methods commonly used is a simple visual detection of the growth of the organism in the presence of essential nutrients by increased turbidity in the liquid medium.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>In other tests, however, the results are based on the change in color of the medium as a result of the change in the pH of the medium.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Microorganisms can be classified into different groups on the basis of their reaction to such tests. Some tests even allow the distinction of microorganisms to the species level.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Biochemical tests are thus, essential as they are inexpensive and relatively simple to perform.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The physiology of bacteria and other microorganisms differs from one another, which allows for the differentiation of such microorganisms.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Biochemical tests, however, have some disadvantages. Despite being inexpensive and allowing both quantitative and qualitative information about the diversity of microorganisms present in a sample, these methods are laborious and time-consuming, and results are only observed after several days.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>In some cases, false positives are obtained, especially when considering similar microbial species.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","parent":0,"count":114,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":702,"category_count":114,"category_description":"<strong>Biochemical tests are the tests that are performed on different bacteria for their identification on the basis of their biochemical activities towards different biochemical compounds.<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Biochemical tests are one of the traditional methods for the identification of microorganisms, usually performed with phenotypic identification.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>For many years these methods were employed extensively, and they continue to be used nowadays, especially in some laboratory routines where a particular type of microorganism has to be identified rapidly.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The ability of microorganisms to utilize certain biomolecules, resulting in useful organic compounds for themselves forms the basis of various biochemical tests.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Biochemical tests are of different types, where the identification or distinction between different microorganisms is made on various bases.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>One of the traditional methods commonly used is a simple visual detection of the growth of the organism in the presence of essential nutrients by increased turbidity in the liquid medium.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>In other tests, however, the results are based on the change in color of the medium as a result of the change in the pH of the medium.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Microorganisms can be classified into different groups on the basis of their reaction to such tests. Some tests even allow the distinction of microorganisms to the species level.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Biochemical tests are thus, essential as they are inexpensive and relatively simple to perform.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The physiology of bacteria and other microorganisms differs from one another, which allows for the differentiation of such microorganisms.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Biochemical tests, however, have some disadvantages. Despite being inexpensive and allowing both quantitative and qualitative information about the diversity of microorganisms present in a sample, these methods are laborious and time-consuming, and results are only observed after several days.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>In some cases, false positives are obtained, especially when considering similar microbial species.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","cat_name":"Biochemical Test","category_nicename":"biochemical-test","category_parent":0}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/571"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=571"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/571\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/33860"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=571"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=571"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=571"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}