{"id":450,"date":"2022-03-20T18:44:54","date_gmt":"2022-03-20T12:59:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/bacteriologynotes.com\/?p=203"},"modified":"2022-09-20T01:55:30","modified_gmt":"2022-09-19T20:10:30","slug":"laboratory-diagnosis-of-bacterial-vaginosis-caused-by-gardnerella-vaginalis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/laboratory-diagnosis-of-bacterial-vaginosis-caused-by-gardnerella-vaginalis\/","title":{"rendered":"Laboratory diagnosis of Bacterial vaginosis caused by Gardnerella vaginalis"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_65 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0a0a0a;color:#0a0a0a\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0a0a0a;color:#0a0a0a\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/laboratory-diagnosis-of-bacterial-vaginosis-caused-by-gardnerella-vaginalis\/#laboratory-diagnosis-of-bacterial-vaginosis-caused-by-gardnerella-vaginalis\" title=\"Laboratory diagnosis of Bacterial vaginosis caused by Gardnerella vaginalis\">Laboratory diagnosis of Bacterial vaginosis caused by Gardnerella vaginalis<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/laboratory-diagnosis-of-bacterial-vaginosis-caused-by-gardnerella-vaginalis\/#treatment-of-bacterial-vaginosis\" title=\"Treatment\u00a0of Bacterial vaginosis\">Treatment\u00a0of Bacterial vaginosis<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/laboratory-diagnosis-of-bacterial-vaginosis-caused-by-gardnerella-vaginalis\/#prevention-and-control-of-bacterial-vaginosis\" title=\"Prevention and control\u00a0of Bacterial vaginosis\">Prevention and control\u00a0of Bacterial vaginosis<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"laboratory-diagnosis-of-bacterial-vaginosis-caused-by-gardnerella-vaginalis\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Laboratory diagnosis of Bacterial vaginosis caused by<em> Gardnerella vaginalis<\/em><\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Specimen:<\/strong> Vaginal discharge specimen<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>A. Direct Microscopic Examination<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) is characterized by a foul-smelling discharge.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A diagnosis\/confirmation is done microscopically by examination of gram stains to detect change in vaginal ecology.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A smear of vaginal fluid or vaginal swab is gram stained which reveals the presence of Gram negative bacilli sometimes Gram variable.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>B. Culture<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">It requires enriched media such as blood agar, loeffler\u2019s serum slope or dextrose starch agar.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Optimum temperature is 37\u00b0C and optimum pH is 6.8 for growth, incubation for 48 hours.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Growth is enhanced by 5% carbondioxide and moisture .<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Colony morphology : small domed colonies surrounded by beta hemolysis develop in human or rabbit blood agar<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">There is a zone of clearing on dextrose starch agar.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>C. Amsel criteria<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Besides the Gram stain, BV can be diagnosed by using the Amsel criteria (Clinical Diagnosis):<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Thin, white, yellow, homogeneous discharge.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">pH measurement of vaginal fluid &gt;4.5<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Performance of an amine test: Release of a fishy odor on adding alkali\u201410% potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution (Whiff Test)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Wet mount microscopy of vaginal secretions: observation for clue cells<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"treatment-of-bacterial-vaginosis\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Treatment\u00a0of Bacterial vaginosis<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Oral metronidazole is generally curative.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Besides these clindamycin can be suggested as topical use.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"prevention-and-control-of-bacterial-vaginosis\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Prevention and control\u00a0of Bacterial vaginosis<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Personnel hygiene<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Avoidance of multiple sex partner<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Laboratory diagnosis of Bacterial vaginosis caused by Gardnerella vaginalis Specimen: Vaginal discharge specimen A. Direct Microscopic Examination Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) is characterized by a foul-smelling discharge. A diagnosis\/confirmation is done &#8230; <a title=\"Laboratory diagnosis of Bacterial vaginosis caused by Gardnerella vaginalis\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/laboratory-diagnosis-of-bacterial-vaginosis-caused-by-gardnerella-vaginalis\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Laboratory diagnosis of Bacterial vaginosis caused by Gardnerella vaginalis\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[364],"tags":[377,31,466,467,507,126,621,184,668],"custom":{"td_video":"","featured_image":"","author":{"name":"Sagar Aryal","avatar":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/862472ea06500d4318f1ad82addb608e?s=96&d=mm&r=g"},"categories":[{"term_id":364,"name":"Bacteriology","slug":"bacteriology","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":364,"taxonomy":"category","description":"<strong>Bacteriology is a branch or discipline of science that studies different characteristics of bacteria and their association with other organisms or disciplines.<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Over the years, the discipline of bacteriology has evolved from the microbiological tests performed only by physicians, the application of the germ theory of disease and economic concerns relating to the spoilage of foods and wine to the use of bacteria to simpler forms of laboratory tests and the production of new nutritious food and antibiotics.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The study of bacteria began with the discovery of the microscope and was mostly limited to experts and scientists of that time.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The initial advances in pathogenic bacteriology began with the identification and characterization of bacteria associated with specific diseases.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Nowadays, however, bacteriology is used in various other fields like food, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and the environment.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Significant advances made in bacteriology over the last century have resulted in the development of many useful vaccines like pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, diphtheria toxoid as well as antibiotics.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>At present, most bacterial diseases in humans and their infectious agents have been identified, although significant variants continue to evolve and sometimes emerge.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Studies made in bacteriology have also allowed the use of gene recombination technology in bacteria to produce improved bacterial strains that can then be used in various areas.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The importance of bacteriology continues to grow throughout the years as many diseases and disorders associated with almost all living beings are caused by bacteria.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Studies of non-pathogenic bacteria that exist in a symbiotic relationship with plants and animals are even beneficial to said organisms.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The identification and classification of bacteria into different groups have allowed for a convenient way of studying these bacteria and the formation of a separate branch, systemic bacteriology, that deals with taxonomy.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Besides, bacteriological studies, subsequently, have also been divided into different areas like soil bacteriology, public-health bacteriology, industrial bacteriology, etc.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Bacteriological studies have been the focal point for disease diagnosis and treatment, and their importance continues to grow with the emergence of new bacteria and associated diseases.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","parent":0,"count":124,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":364,"category_count":124,"category_description":"<strong>Bacteriology is a branch or discipline of science that studies different characteristics of bacteria and their association with other organisms or disciplines.<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Over the years, the discipline of bacteriology has evolved from the microbiological tests performed only by physicians, the application of the germ theory of disease and economic concerns relating to the spoilage of foods and wine to the use of bacteria to simpler forms of laboratory tests and the production of new nutritious food and antibiotics.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The study of bacteria began with the discovery of the microscope and was mostly limited to experts and scientists of that time.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The initial advances in pathogenic bacteriology began with the identification and characterization of bacteria associated with specific diseases.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Nowadays, however, bacteriology is used in various other fields like food, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and the environment.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Significant advances made in bacteriology over the last century have resulted in the development of many useful vaccines like pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, diphtheria toxoid as well as antibiotics.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>At present, most bacterial diseases in humans and their infectious agents have been identified, although significant variants continue to evolve and sometimes emerge.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Studies made in bacteriology have also allowed the use of gene recombination technology in bacteria to produce improved bacterial strains that can then be used in various areas.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The importance of bacteriology continues to grow throughout the years as many diseases and disorders associated with almost all living beings are caused by bacteria.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Studies of non-pathogenic bacteria that exist in a symbiotic relationship with plants and animals are even beneficial to said organisms.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The identification and classification of bacteria into different groups have allowed for a convenient way of studying these bacteria and the formation of a separate branch, systemic bacteriology, that deals with taxonomy.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Besides, bacteriological studies, subsequently, have also been divided into different areas like soil bacteriology, public-health bacteriology, industrial bacteriology, etc.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Bacteriological studies have been the focal point for disease diagnosis and treatment, and their importance continues to grow with the emergence of new bacteria and associated diseases.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","cat_name":"Bacteriology","category_nicename":"bacteriology","category_parent":0}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/450"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=450"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/450\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=450"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=450"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=450"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}