{"id":44011,"date":"2024-04-24T02:18:26","date_gmt":"2024-04-23T20:33:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/?p=44011"},"modified":"2024-04-24T02:18:29","modified_gmt":"2024-04-23T20:33:29","slug":"double-helix-structure-of-dna","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/double-helix-structure-of-dna\/","title":{"rendered":"Double Helix Structure of DNA with Diagram"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is a double-stranded molecule that contains the genetic information of an organism.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is a polymer of deoxyribonucleotides joined by a phosphodiester bond.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is found in <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/chromosomes\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"41434\">chromosome<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/nucleus-structure-and-functions\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"1677\">nucleus<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/mitochondria\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"40804\">mitochondria<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/chloroplasts-structure-and-functions\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"1611\">chloroplast<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The DNA closed covalently at its two ends is called circular DNA, which is not covered by histone protein; it is found in nucleotides of bacteria and viruses.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ends are free in linear DNA covered by histone protein; it is found in eukaryotes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_69_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0a0a0a;color:#0a0a0a\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0a0a0a;color:#0a0a0a\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/double-helix-structure-of-dna\/#history-of-dna\" title=\"History of DNA\">History of DNA<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/double-helix-structure-of-dna\/#double-helix-structure-of-dna\" title=\"Double Helix Structure of DNA\">Double Helix Structure of DNA<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/double-helix-structure-of-dna\/#types-of-dna\" title=\"Types of DNA\">Types of DNA<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/double-helix-structure-of-dna\/#functions-of-dna\" title=\"Functions of DNA\">Functions of DNA<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/double-helix-structure-of-dna\/#references\" title=\"References\">References<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"history-of-dna\"><\/span><strong>History of DNA<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>DNA was discovered in 1869 by Friedrich Miescher, a Swiss researcher.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The demonstration that DNA contained genetic information was first made in 1944 by Avery, McCarty, and MacLeod.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In the 1880s, Fisher discovered the presence of purine and pyrimidine bases in nucleic acids.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chargaff identified that the content of purine and pyrimidine in the DNA was the same.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick developed the double helix model of DNA, for which they were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1962 with Willikins.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1500\" height=\"786\" src=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Double-Helix-Structure-of-DNA.jpeg\" alt=\"Double Helix Structure of DNA\" class=\"wp-image-44014\" srcset=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Double-Helix-Structure-of-DNA.jpeg 1500w, https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Double-Helix-Structure-of-DNA-300x157.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Double-Helix-Structure-of-DNA-1024x537.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Double-Helix-Structure-of-DNA-768x402.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"double-helix-structure-of-dna\"><\/span><strong>Double Helix Structure of DNA<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Watson and Crick (1953) proposed the double helical model of DNA possesses following features:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is a polymer of about 10<sup>10<\/sup> deoxyribonucleotides.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is a macromolecule made up of helically twisted two antiparallel strands i.e., one strands run in the 5\u2019 to 3\u2019 direction (5\u2019<strong>\u2192<\/strong>3\u2019) while the other in 3\u2019to 5\u2019direction (3\u2019<strong>\u2192<\/strong>5\u2019). It lies in opposite orientation with respect to each other with 3\u2019-hydroxyl terminus of one strand opposite the 5\u2019-phosphate terminus of the 2<sup>nd<\/sup> strand.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>These two strands of DNA together are called DNA duplex which is spirally coiled around central axis in right handed manner.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The distance of one complete spiral turn is 34 A\u00b0 (3.4 nm) and has about 10 pairs of nitrogen bases on a complete turn. The distance between two pairs of nitrogen bases is 3.4 A\u00b0.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The diameter (or width) between two strands of a double helix is 20 A\u00b0.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Each deoxyribonucleotide is made up of an outer phosphoric acid, middle deoxyribose sugar and central nitrogenous base (A, T, C and G).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Purine and pyrimidines are two types of Nitrogen bases.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Adenine and Guanine falls under purine base while Cytosine and Thymine are pyrimidine base.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The A \u2013 T pair has 2 Hydrogen bonds while G \u2013 C pair has 3 Hydrogen bonds. The GC is stronger than AT.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The complementary base pairing in DNA helix proves Chargaff\u2019s rule.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Chargaff\u2019s rule (1950): <\/strong>It includes:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Total amount of purine is equal to the total amount of pyrimidines (i.e. G + A = T + C)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Amount of Adenine (A) is equal to the amount of Thymine (T) and the amount of Guanine (G) is equal to the amount of cytosine (C) (i.e. A = T, G = C)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The ratio of (A + T) \/ (G + C) is constant for a species (human being 1.55, pea 1.62, <em>Euglena<\/em> 0.88, <em>E. coli<\/em> 0.93, etc.). This ratio (A + T) \/ (G + C) is not equal to one.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sugar deoxyribose and phosphate occurs in equimolar proportion.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1205\" height=\"631\" src=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Chargaffs-Rules.jpg\" alt=\"Chargaff's Rules\" class=\"wp-image-43341\" srcset=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Chargaffs-Rules.jpg 1205w, https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Chargaffs-Rules-300x157.jpg 300w, https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Chargaffs-Rules-1024x536.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Chargaffs-Rules-768x402.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1205px) 100vw, 1205px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Chargaff&#8217;s Rules<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/nucleotide\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"37134\">nucleotide<\/a> in the helix are joined together by phosphodiester bonds. Sugar and phosphate molecules from the backbone of the DNA strand.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The sugar and phosphate backbone do not conceal the bases inside. There are two groove along the surface of the DNA molecule. One is wide and deep is called minor groove and other is narrow and shallow is called minor groove.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"types-of-dna\"><\/span><strong>Types of DNA<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The double helix model of DNA proposed by Watson and Crick is B-DNA which is right handed spiral and has 10 base pairs in one turn of helix.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On the basis of number of base pairs in a turn, DNAs are of following forms:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>A-DNA: <\/strong>This type of DNA has 11 base pairs in a turn and right handed duplex. Its major grooves are very deep and minor grooves are very shallow.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>B-DNA: <\/strong>This type of DNA has 10 base pairs in a turn and right handed duplex. Watson and Crick proposed this model of DNA. It is metabolically stable form of DNA.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C-DNA:<\/strong> This type of DNA has 9 base pairs in a turn and right handed duplex. The axis lies close to the minor groove.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>D-DNA: <\/strong>This type of DNA has 8 base pairs in a turn and right handed duplex.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Z-DNA: <\/strong>This type of DNA has 12 base pairs in a turn and left handed duplex. It has zig-zag sugar phosphate backbone in antiparallel organization.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"functions-of-dna\"><\/span><strong>Functions of DNA<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>DNA is a genetic material which carries all the hereditary information from one generation to other.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DNA controls all the biological activities of cells as it synthesizes proteins, enzymes and biochemical.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DNA synthesize RNA through the process transcription.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DNA guides the process of protein synthesis in the cell.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DNA helps in recombination during meiosis by crossing over.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"references\"><\/span><strong>References<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Keshari AK and Adhikari KK (2012), A Textbook of Higher Secondary Biology (Class XII), Vidyarthi Pustak Bhandar, Kathmandu, pp 597-601.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Shakya M, Mehta KR, Gautam M, Pokharel KR and Khanal K (2022), Principles of Biology Grade XII, Asmita Books Publisher and Distributors, Kathmandu, pp 160-162.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/figure\/1-The-double-helix-structure-of-DNA-It-is-constructed-of-four-different-building_fig1_40533831<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK26821\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK26821\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>https:\/\/www.genome.gov\/genetics-glossary\/Double-Helix<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>https:\/\/www.nature.com\/scitable\/topicpage\/discovery-of-dna-structure-and-function-watson-397\/<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/science\/biology\/dna-as-the-genetic-material\/dna-discovery-and-structure\/a\/discovery-of-the-structure-of-dna<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is a double-stranded molecule that contains the genetic information of an organism. History of DNA Double Helix Structure of DNA Watson and Crick (1953) proposed the double &#8230; <a title=\"Double Helix Structure of DNA with Diagram\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/double-helix-structure-of-dna\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Double Helix Structure of DNA with Diagram\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":38,"featured_media":44014,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1722],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-44011","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-molecular-biology"],"custom":{"td_video":"","featured_image":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Double-Helix-Structure-of-DNA.jpeg","author":{"name":"Tek Raj Ojha","avatar":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/edafc2bbeec19c8006243feadf21184e?s=96&d=mm&r=g"},"categories":[{"term_id":1722,"name":"Molecular Biology","slug":"molecular-biology","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1722,"taxonomy":"category","description":"<strong>Molecular biology is a branch of biology that deals with the composition, structure, and function of cellular molecules like proteins and nucleic acids essential for the cellular functions and mechanisms.<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Molecular biology is primarily focused on nucleic acids like DNA and RNA, their structure, composition, expression, and interactions among themselves.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Molecular biology is slowly becoming an important area of research with the discovery that nucleic acids and other biomolecules play a vital role in the normal functioning of the body.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Molecular biology developed as a separate discipline from other branches like biochemistry, genetics, and biophysics.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Over the years, many techniques have been developed in molecular biology; however, researchers tend to use methods and techniques native to genetics.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Common techniques used in molecular biology include X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of nucleic acids.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The discipline focuses on the molecular mechanism of genetic processes so that genes can be used for genetic engineering to isolate, modify, and sequence genes.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Initial studies in molecular biology were involved in the determination of three-dimensional structures of proteins in order to understand their structure and mechanism of action and expression.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Initial studies in molecular biology were based on the rapid growth and readily manipulable genetics of simple bacteria, such as\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">E<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">coli<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and their viruses.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">More recently, not only the fundamental principles but also many of the experimental approaches first developed in prokaryotes have been successfully applied to\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">eukaryotic cells<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Current advances in recombinant DNA technology have made even the determination of the complete sequence of the human genome a feasible project.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Complete genome sequencing of various living beings, including humans, has been done with modern approaches like DNA sequencing techniques and PCR.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Studies of molecular biology have also been applied in clinical research and medical therapies, both of which are covered under gene therapy.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Molecular biology also plays a vital role in studies related to regulations of various parts of a cell, which can then be used to target new drugs and diagnose diseases efficiently.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","parent":0,"count":79,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":1722,"category_count":79,"category_description":"<strong>Molecular biology is a branch of biology that deals with the composition, structure, and function of cellular molecules like proteins and nucleic acids essential for the cellular functions and mechanisms.<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Molecular biology is primarily focused on nucleic acids like DNA and RNA, their structure, composition, expression, and interactions among themselves.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Molecular biology is slowly becoming an important area of research with the discovery that nucleic acids and other biomolecules play a vital role in the normal functioning of the body.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Molecular biology developed as a separate discipline from other branches like biochemistry, genetics, and biophysics.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Over the years, many techniques have been developed in molecular biology; however, researchers tend to use methods and techniques native to genetics.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Common techniques used in molecular biology include X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of nucleic acids.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The discipline focuses on the molecular mechanism of genetic processes so that genes can be used for genetic engineering to isolate, modify, and sequence genes.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Initial studies in molecular biology were involved in the determination of three-dimensional structures of proteins in order to understand their structure and mechanism of action and expression.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Initial studies in molecular biology were based on the rapid growth and readily manipulable genetics of simple bacteria, such as\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">E<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">coli<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and their viruses.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">More recently, not only the fundamental principles but also many of the experimental approaches first developed in prokaryotes have been successfully applied to\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">eukaryotic cells<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Current advances in recombinant DNA technology have made even the determination of the complete sequence of the human genome a feasible project.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Complete genome sequencing of various living beings, including humans, has been done with modern approaches like DNA sequencing techniques and PCR.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Studies of molecular biology have also been applied in clinical research and medical therapies, both of which are covered under gene therapy.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Molecular biology also plays a vital role in studies related to regulations of various parts of a cell, which can then be used to target new drugs and diagnose diseases efficiently.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","cat_name":"Molecular Biology","category_nicename":"molecular-biology","category_parent":0}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44011"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/38"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=44011"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44011\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":44015,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44011\/revisions\/44015"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/44014"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=44011"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=44011"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=44011"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}