{"id":44004,"date":"2024-04-23T23:21:03","date_gmt":"2024-04-23T17:36:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/?p=44004"},"modified":"2024-04-23T23:22:18","modified_gmt":"2024-04-23T17:37:18","slug":"reflex-arc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/reflex-arc\/","title":{"rendered":"Reflex Arc: Definition, Components, Functions"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_66_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0a0a0a;color:#0a0a0a\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0a0a0a;color:#0a0a0a\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/reflex-arc\/#what-is-a-reflex\" title=\"What is a Reflex?\">What is a Reflex?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/reflex-arc\/#reflex-arc\" title=\"Reflex Arc\">Reflex Arc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/reflex-arc\/#components-of-reflex-arc\" title=\"Components of Reflex Arc\">Components of Reflex Arc<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/reflex-arc\/#1-receptor\" title=\"1. Receptor\">1. Receptor<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/reflex-arc\/#2-sensory-neuron\" title=\"2. Sensory neuron\">2. Sensory neuron<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/reflex-arc\/#3-interneuron\" title=\"3. Interneuron\">3. Interneuron<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/reflex-arc\/#4-motor-neuron\" title=\"4. Motor neuron\">4. Motor neuron<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/reflex-arc\/#5-effecter\" title=\"5. Effecter\">5. Effecter<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/reflex-arc\/#functions-of-reflex-arc\" title=\"Functions of Reflex Arc\">Functions of Reflex Arc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/reflex-arc\/#references\" title=\"References\">References<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"what-is-a-reflex\"><\/span><strong>What is a Reflex?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>A reflex is a fast, predictable, automatic (involuntary) response triggered by specific stimuli (environmental change).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is a quick, automatic reaction to something that happens and does not require conscious thought.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>It plays a crucial role in quickly reacting to potentially dangerous stimuli and maintaining <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/homeostasis\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"41128\">homeostasis<\/a> in the body.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It serves the function of maintaining the body\u2019s homeostasis and preserving the individual\u2019s physical integrity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They play a crucial role in various involuntary responses, such as regulating internal organ functions in response to environmental changes, increasing blood flow during exercise, and triggering protective actions like coughing and sneezing.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>These automatic and unconscious responses are essential for survival and are primarily developed at birth, contributing to the body\u2019s ability to quickly react to potential dangers and uphold internal balance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Reflexes have five essential components involved in the physiological response. They are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>a) Receptors<\/strong>: They are responsible for detect environmental changes and convert the energy into an action potential. Receptors vary widely in the body, but they all share the everyday function of translating ecological energy into a stimulus form. For example, retinal receptors detect light, while muscle spindle receptors detect stretch. There are several types of receptors, each with different capacities for stimulus transduction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>b) Sensory neurons<\/strong>: Sensory neurons transmit the sensory information from the receptor to the central nervous system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>c) Interneurons<\/strong>: These neurons process the information within the central nervous system, making necessary adjustments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>d) Motor neurons<\/strong>: These neurons transmit the information from the central nervous system to the effector.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>e) Target organs<\/strong>: These are the effectors that produce the physical response, such as muscle contraction or gland secretion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>These components work together to create a rapid and automatic response to environmental stimuli, ensuring the body&#8217;s ability to react quickly and maintain homeostasis.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Reflexes follow a neural pathway called <strong>reflex<\/strong> <strong>arcs<\/strong> which, regulates impulse response, a spontaneous and nearly instantaneous reaction to input.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"reflex-arc\"><\/span><strong>Reflex Arc<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The reflex arc is a pathway that governs the operation of reflexes. It is composed of nerve pathways that travel through the nervous system.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>It consists of several components: a receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, and effector.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>These components quickly transmit and process sensory information, leading to a rapid motor response.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>There are two main types of reflex arcs: the autonomic reflex arc, which affects internal organs, and the somatic reflex arc, which affects muscles and conscious activities.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The reflex arc is a fundamental part of the physiology of posture and locomotion, as well as for the clinical examination of the nervous system.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1500\" height=\"786\" src=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Reflex-Arc.jpeg\" alt=\"Reflex Arc\" class=\"wp-image-44007\" srcset=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Reflex-Arc.jpeg 1500w, https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Reflex-Arc-300x157.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Reflex-Arc-1024x537.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Reflex-Arc-768x402.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Reflex Arc<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"components-of-reflex-arc\"><\/span><strong>Components of Reflex Arc<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1-receptor\"><\/span><strong>1. Receptor<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>It is responsible for detecting a stimulus, situated at the end of a dendrite or within a specialized sensory cell.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Its primary role is to be sensitive to specific internal or external changes, allowing it to identify and respond to particular types of stimuli.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2-sensory-neuron\"><\/span><strong>2. Sensory neuron<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>It carries the sensory information to the brain or spinal cord.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It comprises a dendrite, cell body, and axon as structural components.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Its primary function is to transmit nerve impulses from the receptor towards the brain or spinal cord.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3-interneuron\"><\/span><strong>3. Interneuron<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>It is also known as relay neurons and operates within the brain or spinal cord.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Structurally, it consists of a dendrites, a cell body, and an axon.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Its primary function revolves around acting as a processing center within the nervous system, facilitating the conduction of nerve impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This neuron plays a vital role in processing and transmitting information between sensory and motor neurons that helps in the coordination of responses to stimuli.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4-motor-neuron\"><\/span><strong>4. Motor neuron<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>It carries motor output to the periphery, encompassing dendrites, cell body, and axon within its structure.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Its primary function involves transmitting nerve impulses from the brain or spinal cord out to effectors.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Effectors are muscles, glands, or other body parts that respond to these impulses, enabling the excretion of specific actions or responses initiated by the nervous system.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5-effecter\"><\/span><strong>5. Effecter<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>The effector is either a muscle or a gland within the body.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Its primary function is to respond to the stimulation delivered by the motor neuron.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>When triggered, the effector generates the reflex or behavioral action that corresponding to the nerve impulse received, translating the neural signal into a physical response or action within the body.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1500\" height=\"1071\" src=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Maternal-Lactation-Reflexes.jpeg\" alt=\"Maternal Lactation Reflexes\" class=\"wp-image-44008\" srcset=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Maternal-Lactation-Reflexes.jpeg 1500w, https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Maternal-Lactation-Reflexes-300x214.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Maternal-Lactation-Reflexes-1024x731.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Maternal-Lactation-Reflexes-768x548.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Maternal Lactation Reflexes<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"functions-of-reflex-arc\"><\/span><strong>Functions of Reflex Arc<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Faster response:<\/strong> It enables a quicker response to protect the body from potential threats.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Homeostasis:<\/strong> It helps maintain homeostasis.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Decreased burden on the brain:<\/strong> It reduces the burden on the brain, which is already involved in coordinating various activities through different neural networks.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Automatic response:<\/strong> It allows for prompt, short-lived, and automated responses involving only a part of the body.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Involuntary movement:<\/strong> It is an automatic and nearly instantaneous movement in response to a stimulus and does not require any thought input.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"references\"><\/span><strong>References<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>De Castro, M. V., Silva, M. V. R., Chiarotto, G. B., Volpe, B. B., Santana, M. H. A., Luzo, \u00c2. C. M., &amp; De Oliveira, A. L. R. (2019). Reflex arc recovery after spinal cord dorsal root repair with platelet rich plasma (PRP). <em>Brain Research Bulletin<\/em>, <em>152<\/em>, 212\u2013224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2019.07.024<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdfdirect\/10.1111\/sms.12600\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdfdirect\/10.1111\/sms.12600<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>https:\/\/mymission.lamission.edu\/userdata\/ebnesha\/docs\/Chap%206%20Reflexes.pdf<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>https:\/\/ksumsc.com\/download_center\/Archive\/2nd\/437\/1.%20Neuropsychiatry%20Block\/Male%20Group\/Physiology\/2-SpinalCord%26Reflexes.pdf<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>https:\/\/www.palmbeachstate.edu\/slc\/Documents\/AandPch12LecturePearson.pdf<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2019, November 4). Reflex arc | Description &amp; Components. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/reflex-arc<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>StudyMoose. (2023, April 29). The Mechanism of Rapid Response: Understanding the Reflex Arc Free Essay example. Retrieved from https:\/\/studymoose.com\/the-reflex-arc-essay<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is a Reflex? A reflex is a fast, predictable, automatic (involuntary) response triggered by specific stimuli (environmental change). It is a quick, automatic reaction to something that happens and &#8230; <a title=\"Reflex Arc: Definition, Components, Functions\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/reflex-arc\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Reflex Arc: Definition, Components, Functions\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":38,"featured_media":44007,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6190],"tags":[],"custom":{"td_video":"","featured_image":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Reflex-Arc.jpeg","author":{"name":"Tek Raj Ojha","avatar":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/edafc2bbeec19c8006243feadf21184e?s=96&d=mm&r=g"},"categories":[{"term_id":6190,"name":"Human Anatomy and Physiology","slug":"anatomy-and-physiology","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":6190,"taxonomy":"category","description":"<strong>Human anatomy is the science that deals with the physical morphology and structure of the human body.<\/strong>\r\n\r\nHuman anatomy is further divided into two groups; gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy. Gross anatomy involves study related to anatomical structures that can be seen with unaided eyes, while microscopic anatomy is the study of minute anatomical structures, histology, and cytology.\r\nHumans belong to the Subphylum Vertebrate of the Phylum Chordata as they have the characteristic internal skeleton with a backbone of vertebrae.\r\nOther typical mammalian structures in humans include hair, mammary glands, and highly developed sense organs.\r\nBesides, among mammals, humans have a predominantly two-legged (bipedal) posture, along with a highly developed intellectual.\r\nThe chemical composition of the human body is composed of water and organic compounds like proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.\r\nThe human body is composed of specialized systems for different purposes; the digestive system for digestion, the respiratory system for respiration, the reproductive system for reproduction, and the skeletal and muscular system for movement.\r\nCells are the fundamental units of the human body consisting of trillions of cells in the body. The cells together form tissues.\r\nFour basic types of tissues are found in humans, each of which is specialized for a particular purpose; epithelial tissue for covering the body, muscular tissue for movement, nerve tissues for signaling, and connective tissue for transport of nutrients.\r\nThe following organization of the human body is organs. An organ is composed of a group of specialized tissues from a structural and functional unit.\r\nOrgans are followed by the system as the final organization of the human body. The body includes nine major organ systems, each composed of various organs and tissues that work together as a functional unit.\r\nInformation on human anatomy is essential during the analysis of signs of symptoms of different diseases and disease diagnoses.\r\nIt also allows an understanding of the relationship between different organ systems and the changes occurring in the body's anatomy during growth.\r\n\r\n<strong>Human physiology is a branch of natural science that deals with the functioning of the human body.<\/strong>\r\n\r\nIt includes various physiological activities like digestion, respiration, spermatogenesis, oogenesis, and excretion, all of which occur in a coordinated way between various organs and systems.\r\nPhysiology includes the mechanical, physical, bioelectrical, and biochemical functioning of a healthy human body.\r\nA normal human body works as a result of the regulated system of networking between different systems. These interactions work towards maintaining homeostasis.\r\nThe concept of homeostasis is important in human physiology as it explains that the internal environment of an organism moves in a direction to maintain an equilibrium.\r\nIn the human body, homeostasis is maintained at the system level with each system trying to maintain its homeostasis.\r\nHuman physiology, like human anatomy, describes the mechanisms from the molecular to the cellular level, integrating the working of the entire body.\r\nBased on the information obtained via studies done on human physiology, it is understood that the cells, tissues, organs, and systems together work to maintain a healthy human body.\r\nBesides, certain compounds or chemicals produced in the body like enzymes and hormones also aid in the process of human physiology.\r\nA slight change in the working of a single organ in the body might affect the working of the entire body overall.\r\nHuman physiology is closely related to human anatomy where the anatomy of an organ or tissue plays a significant role in the physiology of the said organ or tissue.\r\nHuman physiology is also interrelated with clinical medicine and microbiology where different microorganisms found within the body aid in different processes like bacteria in the gut producing acid and other enzymes that aid in digestion.\r\nDuring the life cycle of humans, the body undergoes multiple changes which are influenced by changes in anatomy and changes in environmental factors.\u00a0 The physiology of the body thus adapts to such changes to maintain homeostasis.","parent":0,"count":74,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":6190,"category_count":74,"category_description":"<strong>Human anatomy is the science that deals with the physical morphology and structure of the human body.<\/strong>\r\n\r\nHuman anatomy is further divided into two groups; gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy. Gross anatomy involves study related to anatomical structures that can be seen with unaided eyes, while microscopic anatomy is the study of minute anatomical structures, histology, and cytology.\r\nHumans belong to the Subphylum Vertebrate of the Phylum Chordata as they have the characteristic internal skeleton with a backbone of vertebrae.\r\nOther typical mammalian structures in humans include hair, mammary glands, and highly developed sense organs.\r\nBesides, among mammals, humans have a predominantly two-legged (bipedal) posture, along with a highly developed intellectual.\r\nThe chemical composition of the human body is composed of water and organic compounds like proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.\r\nThe human body is composed of specialized systems for different purposes; the digestive system for digestion, the respiratory system for respiration, the reproductive system for reproduction, and the skeletal and muscular system for movement.\r\nCells are the fundamental units of the human body consisting of trillions of cells in the body. The cells together form tissues.\r\nFour basic types of tissues are found in humans, each of which is specialized for a particular purpose; epithelial tissue for covering the body, muscular tissue for movement, nerve tissues for signaling, and connective tissue for transport of nutrients.\r\nThe following organization of the human body is organs. An organ is composed of a group of specialized tissues from a structural and functional unit.\r\nOrgans are followed by the system as the final organization of the human body. The body includes nine major organ systems, each composed of various organs and tissues that work together as a functional unit.\r\nInformation on human anatomy is essential during the analysis of signs of symptoms of different diseases and disease diagnoses.\r\nIt also allows an understanding of the relationship between different organ systems and the changes occurring in the body's anatomy during growth.\r\n\r\n<strong>Human physiology is a branch of natural science that deals with the functioning of the human body.<\/strong>\r\n\r\nIt includes various physiological activities like digestion, respiration, spermatogenesis, oogenesis, and excretion, all of which occur in a coordinated way between various organs and systems.\r\nPhysiology includes the mechanical, physical, bioelectrical, and biochemical functioning of a healthy human body.\r\nA normal human body works as a result of the regulated system of networking between different systems. These interactions work towards maintaining homeostasis.\r\nThe concept of homeostasis is important in human physiology as it explains that the internal environment of an organism moves in a direction to maintain an equilibrium.\r\nIn the human body, homeostasis is maintained at the system level with each system trying to maintain its homeostasis.\r\nHuman physiology, like human anatomy, describes the mechanisms from the molecular to the cellular level, integrating the working of the entire body.\r\nBased on the information obtained via studies done on human physiology, it is understood that the cells, tissues, organs, and systems together work to maintain a healthy human body.\r\nBesides, certain compounds or chemicals produced in the body like enzymes and hormones also aid in the process of human physiology.\r\nA slight change in the working of a single organ in the body might affect the working of the entire body overall.\r\nHuman physiology is closely related to human anatomy where the anatomy of an organ or tissue plays a significant role in the physiology of the said organ or tissue.\r\nHuman physiology is also interrelated with clinical medicine and microbiology where different microorganisms found within the body aid in different processes like bacteria in the gut producing acid and other enzymes that aid in digestion.\r\nDuring the life cycle of humans, the body undergoes multiple changes which are influenced by changes in anatomy and changes in environmental factors.\u00a0 The physiology of the body thus adapts to such changes to maintain homeostasis.","cat_name":"Human Anatomy and Physiology","category_nicename":"anatomy-and-physiology","category_parent":0}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44004"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/38"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=44004"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44004\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":44010,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44004\/revisions\/44010"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/44007"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=44004"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=44004"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=44004"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}