{"id":41991,"date":"2023-08-03T15:08:38","date_gmt":"2023-08-03T09:23:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/arteries\/"},"modified":"2023-08-03T15:08:38","modified_gmt":"2023-08-03T09:23:38","slug":"arteries","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/arteries\/","title":{"rendered":"Arteries: Definition, Structure, Types, Functions, Diseases"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Arteries are the elastic, muscular tubes (blood vessels) responsible for carrying the <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/blood-components-formation-functions\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"40548\">blood<\/a> away from the <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/heart-anatomy-functions\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"38537\">heart<\/a> and distributing it to several other organs and tissues.<\/strong> Simply, the blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are arteries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Arteries.jpg\" alt=\"Arteries\" class=\"wp-image-41068\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Arteries<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>All arteries carry the oxygenated blood except the <em><strong>pulmonary arteries<\/strong>, <\/em>which carry the deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for purification, and the <strong><em>umbilical arteries<\/em><\/strong>, which supply deoxygenated blood to the placenta from the fetus.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Arteries carry the blood at a high pressure, of about 120 mm of Hg; hence they are thick, muscular, and robust in nature to sustain the pressure and do not need valves to check the backflow of the blood. Hence, they are valveless thick-walled blood vessels.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Artery arises from the left ventricle of the heart as a single main and largest artery called the <strong><em>aorta<\/em><\/strong><em>.<\/em> The aorta is divided into four sections \u2013 <strong>ascending aorta, aortic arch, thoracic aorta, <\/strong>and<strong> abdominal aorta<\/strong>. From each section, different arteries, called the <strong><em>major arteries<\/em><\/strong> arise. These major arteries branch repeatedly to form a network of systemic arteries that supply blood to all organs and tissues of the body. The arteries become finer and finer as they branch out, and finally become <strong><em>arterioles<\/em><\/strong>; the finer arteries that supply to tissues. These arterioles further become smaller and are connected to <strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/capillaries\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"41110\">capillaries<\/a><\/em><\/strong> to supply blood to every cell of the body.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_65 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0a0a0a;color:#0a0a0a\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0a0a0a;color:#0a0a0a\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/arteries\/#structure-of-arteries\" title=\"Structure of Arteries\">Structure of Arteries<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/arteries\/#types-of-arteries\" title=\"Types of Arteries\">Types of Arteries<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/arteries\/#some-of-the-major-arteries-are-summarized-in-the-table-below\" title=\"Some of the major arteries are summarized in the table below.&nbsp;&nbsp;\">Some of the major arteries are summarized in the table below.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/arteries\/#functions-of-arteries\" title=\"Functions of Arteries\">Functions of Arteries<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/arteries\/#arteries-and-diseases\" title=\"Arteries and Diseases\">Arteries and Diseases<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/arteries\/#references\" title=\"References\">References<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"structure-of-arteries\"><\/span><strong>Structure of Arteries<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Arteries are thick-walled, muscular, and valveless blood vessels. Anatomically, the wall of the artery is made of three layers, the <strong><em>tunica externa<\/em><\/strong>, the <strong><em>tunica media<\/em><\/strong>, and the <strong><em>tunica intima<\/em><\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Tunica Externa<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>It is the outermost layer of arteries, also known as tunica adventitia. It is primarily composed of connective tissue made of collagens and elastic tissues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;This layer attaches arteries to the surrounding tissues and provides structural support. This layer sustains the blood pressure and checks overexpansion of the arteries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Structure-of-Arteries.jpg\" alt=\"Structure of Arteries\" class=\"wp-image-41069\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Structure of Arteries<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong>Tunica Media<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>It is the middle layer primarily composed of smooth muscle fibers arranged circularly. It also contains some amount of collagen and elastic tissues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In smaller arteries and arterioles, smooth muscle cells are abundant; whereas, in larger arteries and aorta, collagen and elastic tissues are in considerable amounts.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tunica media functions to control the diameter of arteries; hence regulating the blood pressure and the blood flow.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><strong>Tunica Intima&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>It is the thinnest and the innermost layer of the arterial wall. It is primarily composed of smooth endothelial cells. A single-layer simple squamous epithelial layer surrounded by a very thin layer of connective tissue with elastic fiber form this layer.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This layer provides a smooth surface for easy flow of blood and also prevent from a blood clot. This layer is also known to release proteinaceous substances that regulate the arterial diameter.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"types-of-arteries\"><\/span><strong>Types of Arteries<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Based on the structure, arteries are mainly classified into 2 main types, viz. elastic arteries and muscular arteries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Elastic Arteries<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>These are the arteries that have a considerable amount of elastic fibers as their structural component in their tunica media layer. These arteries can expand and contract more significantly than other arteries due to the presence of elastic fibers. The Aorta, major branches of the aorta, and other major arteries (larger arteries) are elastic arteries.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong>Muscular Arteries<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>These arteries have a low amount of elastic fibers in the tunica media but contain a very high proportion of muscle cells.&nbsp; These arteries are branches of major arteries and function to supply blood to organs and tissues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Based on the types of blood they carry and the location of delivery, arteries can be classified into two types, viz. pulmonary arteries and systemic arteries.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Systemic Arteries<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>These arteries supply oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to every tissue of the body for cellular respiration and nutrient circulation.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong>Pulmonary Arteries<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>These arteries carry deoxygenated blood collected by <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/veins\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"41082\">veins<\/a> from the right ventricle to the lungs for re-oxygenation i.e. exchange of metabolic CO<sub>2<\/sub> with the atmospheric O<sub>2<\/sub> at the alveoli of the lungs.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"some-of-the-major-arteries-are-summarized-in-the-table-below\"><\/span><strong>Some of the major arteries are summarized in the table below<\/strong>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\"><strong>The Sections of the Aorta<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Ascending Aorta<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Aortic Arch<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Thoracic Aorta<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Abdominal Aorta<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Major Arteries Arising from the Sections of the Aorta<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">The left and the right coronary arteries<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Brachiocephalic trunk<br><br>Left common carotid artery<br><br>Left subclavian artery<br><br>Axillary artery<br><br>Branchial artery<br><br>Radial and ulnar artery<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Intercostal arteries (10 pairs)&nbsp;<\/td><td>Celiac trunk<br><br>Superior mesenteric artery<br><br>Renal arteries<br><br>Gonadal arteries<br><br>Lumbar arteries<br><br>Inferior mesenteric artery<br><br>Common iliac arteries<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"functions-of-arteries\"><\/span><strong>Functions of Arteries<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Systemic arteries carry the oxygenated blood from the heart to every organ and tissue of the body. Hence, their major function is to transport oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other biomolecules or components to every part of our body.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The elasticity of the arterial wall functions to propel the blood together with the pumping action of the heart.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pulmonary arteries carry the deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for oxygenation.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"arteries-and-diseases\"><\/span><strong>Arteries and Diseases<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Arteries suffer from various medical conditions called arterial diseases. They may be infectious diseases caused by microorganisms or maybe other non-infectious medical conditions. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Coronary-Artery-Disease.jpg\" alt=\"Coronary Artery Disease\" class=\"wp-image-41070\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Coronary Artery Disease<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Some of them are tabulated below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Disease&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Aortic Disease<\/strong><\/td><td>The conditions where the aorta experiences some abnormalities like dilation and bulging of the wall (aneurysm).&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Coronary Artery Disease<\/strong><\/td><td>Condition when the coronary arteries fail to transport blood smoothly to the heart muscles due to blockage or inflammation.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Peripheral Artery Disease<\/strong><\/td><td>Condition when the systemic arteries fail to transport blood smoothly due to blockage or inflammation or constriction.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Pulmonary Embolism<\/strong><\/td><td>Condition due to blockage of an artery supplying to the lungs mostly due to the formation of a blood clot.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Atherosclerosis<\/strong><\/td><td>Development of abnormalities called lesions in the arterial walls and stiffening of the arterial walls.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"references\"><\/span><strong>References<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>Ross &amp; Wilson Anatomy &amp; Physiology in Health and Illness. 13th ed. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-7020-7276-5<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What are Blood Vessels? Types, Layers and Functions &#8211; An Overview (byjus.com)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Blood vessel | Definition, Anatomy, Function, &amp; Types | Britannica<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Types of Blood Vessels in Your Body (thoughtco.com)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Classification &amp; Structure of Blood Vessels | SEER Training (cancer.gov)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Medical Definition of Artery (rxlist.com)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Artery. (2023, April 18). In Wikipedia. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Artery<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Arteries of the Body: Picture, Anatomy, Definition &amp; More (healthline.com)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. &#8220;artery&#8221;. Encyclopedia Britannica, 18 Mar. 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/artery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/artery<\/a>. Accessed 25 May 2023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Arteries: What They Are, Anatomy &amp; Function (clevelandclinic.org)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>18.2: Structure and Function of Blood Vessels &#8211; Medicine LibreTexts<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Clogged Arteries (Arterial Plaque) &#8211; Causes, Dangers, Tests, Treatment (webmd.com)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Structure and function of blood vessels &#8211; Structure and function of arteries, capillaries and veins &#8211; Higher Human Biology Revision &#8211; BBC Bitesize<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Artery Structure, Function, and Disease (thoughtco.com)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Major arteries, veins and nerves of the body: Anatomy | Kenhub<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Role of Arteries in the Circulatory System (verywellhealth.com)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Arteries: Function, anatomy, and types (medicalnewstoday.com)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Arteries are the elastic, muscular tubes (blood vessels) responsible for carrying the blood away from the heart and distributing it to several other organs and tissues. Simply, the blood vessels &#8230; <a title=\"Arteries: Definition, Structure, Types, Functions, Diseases\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/arteries\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Arteries: Definition, Structure, Types, Functions, Diseases\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":41988,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6190],"tags":[],"custom":{"td_video":"","featured_image":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Arteries.jpg","author":{"name":"Prashant Dahal","avatar":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073138ccb44be2c7f33850b8ad66e8a0?s=96&d=mm&r=g"},"categories":[{"term_id":6190,"name":"Human Anatomy and Physiology","slug":"anatomy-and-physiology","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":6190,"taxonomy":"category","description":"<strong>Human anatomy is the science that deals with the physical morphology and structure of the human body.<\/strong>\r\n\r\nHuman anatomy is further divided into two groups; gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy. Gross anatomy involves study related to anatomical structures that can be seen with unaided eyes, while microscopic anatomy is the study of minute anatomical structures, histology, and cytology.\r\nHumans belong to the Subphylum Vertebrate of the Phylum Chordata as they have the characteristic internal skeleton with a backbone of vertebrae.\r\nOther typical mammalian structures in humans include hair, mammary glands, and highly developed sense organs.\r\nBesides, among mammals, humans have a predominantly two-legged (bipedal) posture, along with a highly developed intellectual.\r\nThe chemical composition of the human body is composed of water and organic compounds like proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.\r\nThe human body is composed of specialized systems for different purposes; the digestive system for digestion, the respiratory system for respiration, the reproductive system for reproduction, and the skeletal and muscular system for movement.\r\nCells are the fundamental units of the human body consisting of trillions of cells in the body. The cells together form tissues.\r\nFour basic types of tissues are found in humans, each of which is specialized for a particular purpose; epithelial tissue for covering the body, muscular tissue for movement, nerve tissues for signaling, and connective tissue for transport of nutrients.\r\nThe following organization of the human body is organs. An organ is composed of a group of specialized tissues from a structural and functional unit.\r\nOrgans are followed by the system as the final organization of the human body. The body includes nine major organ systems, each composed of various organs and tissues that work together as a functional unit.\r\nInformation on human anatomy is essential during the analysis of signs of symptoms of different diseases and disease diagnoses.\r\nIt also allows an understanding of the relationship between different organ systems and the changes occurring in the body's anatomy during growth.\r\n\r\n<strong>Human physiology is a branch of natural science that deals with the functioning of the human body.<\/strong>\r\n\r\nIt includes various physiological activities like digestion, respiration, spermatogenesis, oogenesis, and excretion, all of which occur in a coordinated way between various organs and systems.\r\nPhysiology includes the mechanical, physical, bioelectrical, and biochemical functioning of a healthy human body.\r\nA normal human body works as a result of the regulated system of networking between different systems. These interactions work towards maintaining homeostasis.\r\nThe concept of homeostasis is important in human physiology as it explains that the internal environment of an organism moves in a direction to maintain an equilibrium.\r\nIn the human body, homeostasis is maintained at the system level with each system trying to maintain its homeostasis.\r\nHuman physiology, like human anatomy, describes the mechanisms from the molecular to the cellular level, integrating the working of the entire body.\r\nBased on the information obtained via studies done on human physiology, it is understood that the cells, tissues, organs, and systems together work to maintain a healthy human body.\r\nBesides, certain compounds or chemicals produced in the body like enzymes and hormones also aid in the process of human physiology.\r\nA slight change in the working of a single organ in the body might affect the working of the entire body overall.\r\nHuman physiology is closely related to human anatomy where the anatomy of an organ or tissue plays a significant role in the physiology of the said organ or tissue.\r\nHuman physiology is also interrelated with clinical medicine and microbiology where different microorganisms found within the body aid in different processes like bacteria in the gut producing acid and other enzymes that aid in digestion.\r\nDuring the life cycle of humans, the body undergoes multiple changes which are influenced by changes in anatomy and changes in environmental factors.\u00a0 The physiology of the body thus adapts to such changes to maintain homeostasis.","parent":0,"count":74,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":6190,"category_count":74,"category_description":"<strong>Human anatomy is the science that deals with the physical morphology and structure of the human body.<\/strong>\r\n\r\nHuman anatomy is further divided into two groups; gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy. Gross anatomy involves study related to anatomical structures that can be seen with unaided eyes, while microscopic anatomy is the study of minute anatomical structures, histology, and cytology.\r\nHumans belong to the Subphylum Vertebrate of the Phylum Chordata as they have the characteristic internal skeleton with a backbone of vertebrae.\r\nOther typical mammalian structures in humans include hair, mammary glands, and highly developed sense organs.\r\nBesides, among mammals, humans have a predominantly two-legged (bipedal) posture, along with a highly developed intellectual.\r\nThe chemical composition of the human body is composed of water and organic compounds like proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.\r\nThe human body is composed of specialized systems for different purposes; the digestive system for digestion, the respiratory system for respiration, the reproductive system for reproduction, and the skeletal and muscular system for movement.\r\nCells are the fundamental units of the human body consisting of trillions of cells in the body. The cells together form tissues.\r\nFour basic types of tissues are found in humans, each of which is specialized for a particular purpose; epithelial tissue for covering the body, muscular tissue for movement, nerve tissues for signaling, and connective tissue for transport of nutrients.\r\nThe following organization of the human body is organs. An organ is composed of a group of specialized tissues from a structural and functional unit.\r\nOrgans are followed by the system as the final organization of the human body. The body includes nine major organ systems, each composed of various organs and tissues that work together as a functional unit.\r\nInformation on human anatomy is essential during the analysis of signs of symptoms of different diseases and disease diagnoses.\r\nIt also allows an understanding of the relationship between different organ systems and the changes occurring in the body's anatomy during growth.\r\n\r\n<strong>Human physiology is a branch of natural science that deals with the functioning of the human body.<\/strong>\r\n\r\nIt includes various physiological activities like digestion, respiration, spermatogenesis, oogenesis, and excretion, all of which occur in a coordinated way between various organs and systems.\r\nPhysiology includes the mechanical, physical, bioelectrical, and biochemical functioning of a healthy human body.\r\nA normal human body works as a result of the regulated system of networking between different systems. These interactions work towards maintaining homeostasis.\r\nThe concept of homeostasis is important in human physiology as it explains that the internal environment of an organism moves in a direction to maintain an equilibrium.\r\nIn the human body, homeostasis is maintained at the system level with each system trying to maintain its homeostasis.\r\nHuman physiology, like human anatomy, describes the mechanisms from the molecular to the cellular level, integrating the working of the entire body.\r\nBased on the information obtained via studies done on human physiology, it is understood that the cells, tissues, organs, and systems together work to maintain a healthy human body.\r\nBesides, certain compounds or chemicals produced in the body like enzymes and hormones also aid in the process of human physiology.\r\nA slight change in the working of a single organ in the body might affect the working of the entire body overall.\r\nHuman physiology is closely related to human anatomy where the anatomy of an organ or tissue plays a significant role in the physiology of the said organ or tissue.\r\nHuman physiology is also interrelated with clinical medicine and microbiology where different microorganisms found within the body aid in different processes like bacteria in the gut producing acid and other enzymes that aid in digestion.\r\nDuring the life cycle of humans, the body undergoes multiple changes which are influenced by changes in anatomy and changes in environmental factors.\u00a0 The physiology of the body thus adapts to such changes to maintain homeostasis.","cat_name":"Human Anatomy and Physiology","category_nicename":"anatomy-and-physiology","category_parent":0}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41991"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=41991"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41991\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/41988"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=41991"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=41991"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=41991"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}