{"id":41948,"date":"2023-08-03T15:08:09","date_gmt":"2023-08-03T09:23:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/apomorphy\/"},"modified":"2023-08-04T11:40:33","modified_gmt":"2023-08-04T05:55:33","slug":"apomorphy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/apomorphy\/","title":{"rendered":"Apomorphy: Definition, Mechanism, Examples, Uses"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Apomorphy is a term used in evolutionary biology to describe a derived or advanced characteristic or trait unique to a particular evolutionary lineage or species.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Apomorphy is crucial in phylogenetic analysis, as it helps identify and define evolutionary relationships between different taxa.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Apomorphies are distinguished from plesiomorphies, ancestral or primitive traits shared among multiple taxa.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Apomorphies can manifest in various forms, including morphological features, genetic variations, and behavioral traits.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Apomorphy.jpg\" alt=\"Apomorphy\" class=\"wp-image-40868\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Apomorphy<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Likewise, it represents a departure from ancestral or primitive characteristics, known as plesiomorphies, and is considered a distinguishing feature of a specific taxonomic group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_65 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0a0a0a;color:#0a0a0a\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0a0a0a;color:#0a0a0a\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/apomorphy\/#importance-of-studying-apomorphy-in-evolutionary-biology\" title=\"Importance of Studying Apomorphy in Evolutionary Biology\">Importance of Studying Apomorphy in Evolutionary Biology<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/apomorphy\/#the-mechanism-of-apomorphy\" title=\"The Mechanism of Apomorphy\">The Mechanism of Apomorphy<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/apomorphy\/#explanation-of-genetic-changes-and-mutations\" title=\"Explanation of genetic changes and mutations\">Explanation of genetic changes and mutations<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/apomorphy\/#role-of-natural-selection-in-the-fixation-of-apomorphies\" title=\"Role of natural selection in the fixation of apomorphies\">Role of natural selection in the fixation of apomorphies<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/apomorphy\/#significance-of-apomorphy-in-evolution\" title=\"Significance of Apomorphy in Evolution\">Significance of Apomorphy in Evolution<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/apomorphy\/#examples-of-apomorphy-in-nature\" title=\"Examples of Apomorphy in Nature\">Examples of Apomorphy in Nature<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/apomorphy\/#apomorphy-in-humans\" title=\"Apomorphy in Humans\">Apomorphy in Humans<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/apomorphy\/#apomorphy-and-adaptation\" title=\"Apomorphy and Adaptation\">Apomorphy and Adaptation<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/apomorphy\/#examples-of-apomorphies-that-confer-survival-advantages\" title=\"Examples of apomorphies that confer survival advantages\">Examples of apomorphies that confer survival advantages<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/apomorphy\/#challenges-in-apomorphy\" title=\"Challenges in Apomorphy\">Challenges in Apomorphy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/apomorphy\/#conclusion\" title=\"Conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/apomorphy\/#references\" title=\"References\">References<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"importance-of-studying-apomorphy-in-evolutionary-biology\"><\/span><strong>Importance of Studying Apomorphy in Evolutionary Biology<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Apomorphy helps reconstruct and understand the evolutionary relationships between species, providing insights into common ancestry and divergence patterns.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is crucial to define and categorize taxonomic groups based on their unique derived characteristics and facilitate accurate biodiversity classification and organization.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It represents evolutionary innovations and adaptations that have arisen within specific lineages. It also provides valuable insights into the mechanisms and processes driving evolutionary change.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Apomorphy helps to identify adaptive traits that have contributed to the success and survival of organisms in their respective environments.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>True apomorphies are from traits that have evolved convergently. Besides, studying apomorphy allows researchers to disentangle complex evolutionary patterns and uncover the shared ancestry of different lineages.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"the-mechanism-of-apomorphy\"><\/span><strong>The Mechanism of Apomorphy<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"explanation-of-genetic-changes-and-mutations\"><\/span><strong>Explanation of genetic changes and mutations<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Apomorphy, or the development of uniquely derived traits, is driven by genetic changes and mutations. Genetic changes occur through alterations in the DNA sequence of an organism&#8217;s genome. These changes can arise spontaneously or due to external factors such as radiation, chemicals, or errors during <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/dna-replication\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"29225\">DNA replication<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The mutation is a primary source of genetic variation upon which evolution acts. They can occur differently, including point mutations (single base substitutions), insertions, deletions, or gene duplications. These mutations introduce new genetic information into a population, potentially leading to the formation of apomorphies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"role-of-natural-selection-in-the-fixation-of-apomorphies\"><\/span><strong>Role of natural selection in the fixation of apomorphies<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Natural selection is a necessary driving force behind the fixation of apomorphies in a population. When a beneficial mutation occurs, individuals possessing the advantageous trait have a higher chance of survival and reproductive success, a process known as positive selection.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It increases the prevalence of advantageous apomorphy within the population, as individuals without the trait may be outcompeted or less successful in reproduction. Conversely, adverse selection acts against detrimental mutations or apomorphies that reduce an organism&#8217;s fitness.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Further, individuals with these unfavorable traits are less to survive and pass on their genes, decreasing the frequency of the unfavorable apomorphy over time.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is essential to consider that natural selection does not work alone; genetic drift and gene flow also influence the spread or loss of derived traits within a population. Together, these factors shape the emergence and fixation of apomorphies, contributing to the diversification and adaptation of species throughout evolutionary history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"significance-of-apomorphy-in-evolution\"><\/span><strong>Significance of Apomorphy in Evolution<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Apomorphy drives speciation by creating reproductive barriers between populations, forming new species, and contributing to biodiversity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Apomorphies provide valuable information for reconstructing phylogenetic trees, helping scientists understand evolutionary relationships, patterns of common ancestry, and diversification.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It represents adaptations that enhance fitness, enable species to exploit new niches, survive in changing environments, and acquire specialized features for improved survival and reproduction.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Likewise, it serves as a diagnostic feature distinguishing groups or taxa, aiding in accurate species identification, classification, and studying evolutionary relationships.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"examples-of-apomorphy-in-nature\"><\/span><strong>Examples of Apomorphy in Nature<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>One such example of apomorphy is the evolution of feathers in birds, which originated from modified scales and enabled flight. It provides a remarkable adaptation for aerial locomotion and insulation.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another notable apomorphy is the development of complex flowers in angiosperms. These intricate floral structures, including petals, sepals, and specialized reproductive organs, have contributed to flowering plants&#8217; immense diversity and success.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Additionally, acquiring limbs in tetrapods, such as amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, represents a significant apomorphy. Limbs evolved from ancestral fins, allowing for terrestrial locomotion and facilitating the colonization of land.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"apomorphy-in-humans\"><\/span><strong>Apomorphy in Humans<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Humans possess several distinct apomorphies, including bipedalism, a large and complex brain, advanced cognitive abilities, language capacity, and refined manual dexterity. These traits set us apart from other primates and contribute to our unique characteristics as a species.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Apomorphy has played a crucial role in the evolutionary history of humans. These derived traits have enabled us to adapt to diverse environments, engage in complex social interactions, develop advanced tools and technology, and excel in cognitive tasks.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"apomorphy-and-adaptation\"><\/span><strong>Apomorphy and Adaptation<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Apomorphies often represent adaptations that enhance an organism&#8217;s fitness in specific environments. In the case of humans, the derived traits we possess have been crucial for our survival and adaptation to diverse ecological conditions, including different climates, habitats, and food resources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"examples-of-apomorphies-that-confer-survival-advantages\"><\/span><strong>Examples of apomorphies that confer survival advantages<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Human-specific apomorphies, such as bipedalism and advanced cognitive abilities, have given us distinct advantages.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bipedalism freed our hands for tool use and allowed for efficient long-distance travel, while our cognitive capabilities facilitated complex problem-solving, communication, and cultural transmission. These adaptations have contributed to our ability to thrive and adapt as a species.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Apomorphy Synapomorphy Plesiomorphy Symplesiomorphy Homoplasy Autapomorphy with examples!!\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/8K2Ydcy8jgw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"challenges-in-apomorphy\"><\/span><strong>Challenges in Apomorphy<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Identifying and defining derived traits accurately.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Distinguishing true apomorphies from convergent or parallel evolution.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dealing with intermediate forms and variations in nature.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Addressing cases of evolutionary reversals and simplification.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"conclusion\"><\/span><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Apomorphy, the development-derived trait, plays a significant role in evolution. It contributes to speciation and biodiversity and provides insights into evolutionary relationships. It drives adaptive evolution, serves as diagnostic characteristics for classification, and enhances our understanding of evolutionary processes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"references\"><\/span><strong>References<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1671\/0272-4634-28.4.1063\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1671\/0272-4634-28.4.1063<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>https:\/\/escholarship.org\/uc\/item\/4ht19712<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>https:\/\/repository.si.edu\/bitstream\/handle\/10088\/4386\/CoddingtonRolesofHomology94.pdf<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/j.1463-6409.2007.00287.x<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s004270000068<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1073\/pnas.93.20.10852<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/2413233<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12862-018-1267-1<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Apomorphy is a term used in evolutionary biology to describe a derived or advanced characteristic or trait unique to a particular evolutionary lineage or species. Likewise, it represents a departure &#8230; <a title=\"Apomorphy: Definition, Mechanism, Examples, Uses\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/apomorphy\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Apomorphy: Definition, Mechanism, Examples, Uses\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":34,"featured_media":41947,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6193],"tags":[6419,6420,6421],"custom":{"td_video":"","featured_image":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Apomorphy.jpg","author":{"name":"Krisha Karki","avatar":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/cc4be63161853a1dd90b8a3a11ad26fa?s=96&d=mm&r=g"},"categories":[{"term_id":6193,"name":"Genetics","slug":"genetics","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":6193,"taxonomy":"category","description":"<strong>Genetics is a branch of natural science that deals with heredity due to the transmission of genes, gene regulation, and gene manipulation.<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Genetics is a connecting link between many disciplines like microbiology, biotechnology, medicine, and agriculture.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Studies involving genes and chromosomes of living beings began quite late as it requires significant advances in the microscopy area.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The influence of heredity and its application of cultivation and production improved organisms, however, had been recognized since ancient times.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The study of genes and genetics began as a major concept after studies made by Mendel on pea plants. It was further strengthened and flourished by the works of Morgan.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Eventually, genetics became a distinct area of study with the identification of genes and the study of genes at different levels, including their role in the cell, their regulation, and their expression.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Initially, genetics was limited to understanding the concept and process of heredity via techniques like the formation of Punnet\u2019s square. With the development of techniques like X-ray diffraction, the structure of DNA, and the presence of genetic code were established. This paved the way for modern genetics.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Modern genetics focuses on the chemical composition of structures found in genes like the DNA that influences the chemical reactions taking place in the cell.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Gene expression is influenced by two major factors; the genetic composition and the influence of the environment.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The influence of the environment on gene expression can be distinctly observed in green plants where the gene responsible for the formation of chlorophyll is only expressed in the presence of sunlight.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u00a0Genes, through the proteins they encode, determine how efficiently foods and chemicals are metabolized, how effectively toxins are detoxified, and even how vigorously infections are targeted.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Processes like mutations are now a significant cause of major genetic diseases. The mutations might arise due to a complex combination of genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","parent":0,"count":79,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":6193,"category_count":79,"category_description":"<strong>Genetics is a branch of natural science that deals with heredity due to the transmission of genes, gene regulation, and gene manipulation.<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Genetics is a connecting link between many disciplines like microbiology, biotechnology, medicine, and agriculture.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Studies involving genes and chromosomes of living beings began quite late as it requires significant advances in the microscopy area.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The influence of heredity and its application of cultivation and production improved organisms, however, had been recognized since ancient times.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The study of genes and genetics began as a major concept after studies made by Mendel on pea plants. It was further strengthened and flourished by the works of Morgan.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Eventually, genetics became a distinct area of study with the identification of genes and the study of genes at different levels, including their role in the cell, their regulation, and their expression.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Initially, genetics was limited to understanding the concept and process of heredity via techniques like the formation of Punnet\u2019s square. With the development of techniques like X-ray diffraction, the structure of DNA, and the presence of genetic code were established. This paved the way for modern genetics.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Modern genetics focuses on the chemical composition of structures found in genes like the DNA that influences the chemical reactions taking place in the cell.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Gene expression is influenced by two major factors; the genetic composition and the influence of the environment.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The influence of the environment on gene expression can be distinctly observed in green plants where the gene responsible for the formation of chlorophyll is only expressed in the presence of sunlight.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u00a0Genes, through the proteins they encode, determine how efficiently foods and chemicals are metabolized, how effectively toxins are detoxified, and even how vigorously infections are targeted.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Processes like mutations are now a significant cause of major genetic diseases. The mutations might arise due to a complex combination of genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","cat_name":"Genetics","category_nicename":"genetics","category_parent":0}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41948"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/34"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=41948"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41948\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/41947"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=41948"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=41948"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=41948"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}