{"id":41342,"date":"2023-08-03T15:00:52","date_gmt":"2023-08-03T09:15:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/phosphorus-cycle\/"},"modified":"2023-08-03T15:00:52","modified_gmt":"2023-08-03T09:15:52","slug":"phosphorus-cycle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/phosphorus-cycle\/","title":{"rendered":"Phosphorus Cycle- Definition, Steps, Examples, Significance, Human Impacts"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_65 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0a0a0a;color:#0a0a0a\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0a0a0a;color:#0a0a0a\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/phosphorus-cycle\/#phosphorus-cycle-definition\" title=\"Phosphorus Cycle Definition\">Phosphorus Cycle Definition<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/phosphorus-cycle\/#phosphorus-cycle-steps\" title=\"Phosphorus Cycle Steps\">Phosphorus Cycle Steps<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/phosphorus-cycle\/#1-weathering\" title=\"1. Weathering\">1. Weathering<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/phosphorus-cycle\/#2-phosphorus-intake-by-plants\" title=\"2. Phosphorus intake by plants \">2. Phosphorus intake by plants <\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/phosphorus-cycle\/#3-movement-of-phosphorus-in-the-food-chain\" title=\"3. Movement of phosphorus in the food chain\">3. Movement of phosphorus in the food chain<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/phosphorus-cycle\/#4-return-of-phosphorus-to-the-ecosystem\" title=\"4. Return of phosphorus to the ecosystem\">4. Return of phosphorus to the ecosystem<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/phosphorus-cycle\/#read-also-carbon-cycle-definition-steps-examples-significance-human-impacts\" title=\"Read Also:\u00a0Carbon Cycle- Definition, Steps, Examples, Significance, Human Impacts\">Read Also:\u00a0Carbon Cycle- Definition, Steps, Examples, Significance, Human Impacts<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/phosphorus-cycle\/#phosphorus-cycle-examples\" title=\"Phosphorus Cycle Examples\">Phosphorus Cycle Examples<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/phosphorus-cycle\/#1-lithosphere\" title=\"1. Lithosphere\">1. Lithosphere<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/phosphorus-cycle\/#2-biosphere\" title=\"2. Biosphere\">2. Biosphere<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/phosphorus-cycle\/#phosphorus-cycle-significance\" title=\"Phosphorus Cycle Significance\">Phosphorus Cycle Significance<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/phosphorus-cycle\/#human-impacts-on-the-phosphorus-cycle\" title=\"Human impacts on the Phosphorus Cycle\">Human impacts on the Phosphorus Cycle<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/phosphorus-cycle\/#references-and-sources\" title=\"References and Sources\">References and Sources<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"phosphorus-cycle-definition\"><\/span><strong>Phosphorus Cycle <\/strong><strong>Definition<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The phosphorus cycle is a biogeochemical cycle that deals with the movement of phosphorus in the form of different compounds through the Earth\u2019s various systems like the <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/biosphere-definition-origin-components-importance-examples\/\">biosphere<\/a>, hydrosphere, and lithosphere.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Phosphorus is an important element for all living beings as it is the raw material for the nucleotides as well as acts as a mineral for growth.<\/li>\n<li>Unlike other biogeochemical cycles, the atmosphere doesn\u2019t act as a reservoir for phosphorus in the phosphorus cycle as most of the phosphorus compounds involved in the cycle are in the solid form.<\/li>\n<li>The phosphorus cycle is composed of various chemical, biological and microbiological processes, all of which occur over a long period of time.<\/li>\n<li>The cycle consists of processes like weathering that take hundreds of years to complete; thus, the phosphorus cycle is considered one of the slowest biogeochemical cycles.<\/li>\n<li>Phosphorus is also one of the scarcest elements found in nature which makes it one of the limiting agents.<\/li>\n<li>Phosphorus compounds move through the biosphere, both terrestrial and oceanic, to maintain a balance in its concentration.<\/li>\n<li>However, much of the phosphorus compounds are present in the lithosphere, where they are present in rocks and sedimentary deposits.<\/li>\n<li>Because phosphorus is a highly reactive compound, it is mostly found in a combined state with other elements. Thus, acid-producing microorganisms are important to form soluble phosphate from the insoluble compounds.<\/li>\n<li>The concentration of phosphorus in different reservoirs changes throughout time with the phosphorus in the soil running off to oceans and the phosphorus in the ocean, resulting in sediments.<\/li>\n<li>The phosphorus cycle is considered a closed system with the phosphorus transfer between the biosphere and soil is much larger than the gains and losses across the entire system.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-31425\" src=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Phosphorus-Cycle.jpg\" alt=\"Phosphorus Cycle\" width=\"800\" height=\"420\" srcset=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Phosphorus-Cycle.jpg 800w, https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Phosphorus-Cycle-300x158.jpg 300w, https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Phosphorus-Cycle-768x403.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Figure:<\/strong> Phosphorus Cycle on land and phosphorus cycle in a wetland. <strong>Image Source:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Phosphorus_cycle\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Wikipedia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"phosphorus-cycle-steps\"><\/span><strong>Phosphorus Cycle Steps<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The mechanism of the phosphorus cycle is not as clearly understood as other biogeochemical cycles. However, it is known that the phosphorus cycle is a slow process, consisting of the following steps:<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1-weathering\"><\/span><strong>1. Weathering<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Rocks are one of the primary sources and reservoirs of phosphorus, where they remain combined with other elements.<\/li>\n<li>The phosphorus in the soil then reaches the soil by the action of rain or by acid produced by different microorganisms.<\/li>\n<li>Different microorganisms like <em>Actinomycetes, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Aspergillus, Penicillium<\/em>, etc. are involved in the solubilization of phosphorus in the soil so that it is available to plants and other animals.<\/li>\n<li>Besides, rain also causes solubilization of inorganic phosphorus so that it is transported to the oceans.<\/li>\n<li>Natural processes like volcanic activity and asteroid activity also aid in the release of phosphorus into the soil.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2-phosphorus-intake-by-plants\"><\/span><strong>2. Phosphorus intake by plants <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>The available phosphorus in the soil is then taken up by different living beings like plants and microorganisms.<\/li>\n<li>The amount of phosphorus available to plants in the soil is very less, and thus, fertilizers containing phosphorus are to be added to improve plant growth and soil fertility.<\/li>\n<li>The aquatic plants in oceans also absorb phosphorus from the lower layers of aquatic sediments.<\/li>\n<li>However, some phosphorus salt might not dissolve properly in water, and thus the availability of phosphorus in water might also be limited.<\/li>\n<li>Plants can either take up phosphorus directly from the soil, or the phosphorus can be made available to plants by different symbiotic microorganisms.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3-movement-of-phosphorus-in-the-food-chain\"><\/span><strong>3. Movement of phosphorus in the food chain<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>The phosphorus absorbed by the plants is used to form different organic compounds in the producers.<\/li>\n<li>The organic compounds then move through the food chain as consumers feed on producers, resulting in the movement of phosphorus from one form of life to another.<\/li>\n<li>The organic form of phosphorus also undergoes changes as it moves through the consumers.<\/li>\n<li>The phosphorus transferred to the consumers is used for the formation of biomolecules like the nucleotides and connective tissues like bones.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4-return-of-phosphorus-to-the-ecosystem\"><\/span><strong>4. Return of phosphorus to the ecosystem<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>The phosphorus present in living beings can be transferred back to the reservoir in the lithosphere by the action of decomposing microorganisms on the dead plants and animals.<\/li>\n<li>In this step, the organic forms of phosphorus are converted into their inorganic forms by the process of mineralization.<\/li>\n<li>Different decomposing or saprophytic microorganisms like fungi and bacteria are involved in this step to balance the concentration of phosphorus in the ecosystem.<\/li>\n<li>The phosphorus in the soil is also transported to the ocean during rainfall or by the running off of soil to the water bodies.<\/li>\n<li>The phosphorus in the ocean undergoes deposition, forming layers of sediments that will lead to the formation of rocks and the cycle continues.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"read-also-carbon-cycle-definition-steps-examples-significance-human-impacts\"><\/span><strong>Read Also:\u00a0Carbon Cycle- Definition, Steps, Examples, Significance, Human Impacts<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"phosphorus-cycle-examples\"><\/span><strong>Phosphorus Cycle Examples<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Along with the primary phosphorus cycle, there are different parallel systems that are indirectly involved in the transport of phosphorus through different reservoirs, to maintain a balance. There are different reservoirs in different ecosystems, all of which can absorb, the release of transport phosphorus from one form to another.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1-lithosphere\"><\/span><strong>1. Lithosphere<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>The largest phosphorus reservoir on the Earth is the minerals in the lithosphere, which is dominated by the oceanic and freshwater sediments.<\/li>\n<li>The initial source of phosphorus on Earth is obtained via chemical weathering and soil formation processes.<\/li>\n<li>These compounds are either formed from natural processes like volcanoes and earthquakes, which increases the phosphorus content on the land.<\/li>\n<li>Besides, during the cycling process, the phosphorus returns back to the land as the phosphorus-rich soil runoffs reach the oceans.<\/li>\n<li>These soil particles form layers of sediments underneath the water which eventually forms mineralized rocks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2-biosphere\"><\/span><strong>2. Biosphere<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>The terrestrial biosphere and the ocean phosphorus reservoir also play an essential role in the phosphorus cycle.<\/li>\n<li>Most of the phosphorus is not available to living beings as it is present in an insoluble form.<\/li>\n<li>The biosphere, however, acts as a sink where the excess phosphorus can be stored. Living organisms take up phosphorus to form different biomolecules that are imperative for their growth and functioning.<\/li>\n<li>The microorganisms found in the biosphere also play an essential role where they help in the solubilization of inorganic phosphorus to make it available to the producers.<\/li>\n<li>The biosphere acts as a middle man in the recycling of phosphorus back to the lithosphere.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"phosphorus-cycle-significance\"><\/span><strong>Phosphorus Cycle Significance<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>The phosphorus cycle is essential to balance the concentration of phosphorus on the Earth\u2019s surface so as to create a hospitable environment on the planet.<\/li>\n<li>Phosphorus is one of the important elements for all living beings, and its movement through different systems helps to understand different biological factors and factors that influence them.<\/li>\n<li>The phosphorus cycle is also tied to the availability of other elements and compounds like nitrogen and sulfur as phosphorus exists in a combined form with other elements in nature.<\/li>\n<li>The phosphorus cycle enables the flow of energy in the form of ATP through the food chain. The phosphorus compounds carry chemical energy trapped from producers to consumers to decomposers.<\/li>\n<li>The decomposition or mineralization of phosphorus is one of the processes involved in the natural waste removal system.<\/li>\n<li>The phosphorus cycle is responsible for increasing the availability of phosphorus in the soil for plant growth and soil fertility.<\/li>\n<li>Understanding the mechanism of the phosphorus cycle helps to understand the physiology of different microorganisms involved in the process.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"human-impacts-on-the-phosphorus-cycle\"><\/span><strong>Human impacts on the Phosphorus Cycle<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>The use of artificial fertilizers in the soil affects the phosphorus levels in the soil, which in turn affects the overall phosphorus cycle.<\/li>\n<li>The most important anthropogenic change to the phosphorus cycle is a massive transfer from the vast and unavailable reserve pool to biologically available forms on land.<\/li>\n<li>The mining of phosphate-rich rocks also changes the availability of phosphorus in different ecosystems.<\/li>\n<li>The increase in the concentration of phosphorus in the oceans as a result of soil runoffs causes an increase in the formation of algal blooms, which then decreases the oxygen availability of the ocean.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"references-and-sources\"><\/span><strong>References and Sources<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Yuan, Z., Jiang, S., Sheng, H., Liu, X., Hua, H., Liu, X., &amp; Zhang, Y. (2018).\u00a0Human Perturbation of the Global Phosphorus Cycle: Changes and Consequences.<em> Environmental Science and Technology. 52(5), 2438\u20132450.<\/em>DOI:10.1021\/acs.est.7b03910\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Reinhard, C. T., Planavsky, N. J., Gill, B. C., Ozaki, K., Robbins, L. J., Lyons, T. W, Konhauser, K. O. (2016).\u00a0<em>Evolution of the global phosphorus cycle. Nature, 541(7637), 386\u2013389.<\/em>DOI:10.1038\/nature20772\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Gachter, R., and Meyer, J. S. (1993).\u00a0The role of microorganisms in mobilization and fixation of phosphorus in sediments<em>. Hydrobiologia. 253(1-3), 103\u2013121.<\/em>DOI: 10.1007\/bf00050731.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Richardson, A. E., and Simpson, R. J. (2011).\u00a0Soil Microorganisms Mediating Phosphorus Availability<em>. Plant Physiology, 156(3), 989\u2013996.<\/em>DOI:10.1104\/pp.111.175448\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">1% &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.toppr.com\/guides\/biology\/natural-resources\/biogeochemical-cycles\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.toppr.com\/guides\/biology\/natural-resources\/biogeochemical-cycles\/<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.smart-fertilizer.com\/articles\/phosphorus\/<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.sciencelearn.org.nz\/resources\/961-the-phosphorus-cycle<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/earth-and-planetary-sciences\/organic-phosphorus<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.deepdyve.com\/lp\/ecological-society-of-america\/human-alteration-of-the-global-nitrogen-cycle-sources-and-consequences-IrZNopkzlK<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">1% &#8211; https:\/\/scholars.direct\/Articles\/crop-science\/acrs-3-008.php?jid=crop-science<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">1% &#8211; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Phosphorus_cycle<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">1% &#8211; https:\/\/community.asdlib.org\/activelearningmaterials\/files\/2014\/06\/Lake_Study_Project_Overview.pdf<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">1% &#8211; https:\/\/byjus.com\/biology\/phosphorus-cycle\/<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">1% &#8211; https:\/\/biologydictionary.net\/phosphorus-cycle\/<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.thoughtco.com\/all-about-the-nutrient-cycle-373411<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/325862737_Phosphate-Solubilizing_Microbes_Diversity_and_Phosphates_Solubilization_Mechanism<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.environment.co.za\/environmental-issues\/how-do-fertilizers-affect-the-environment.html<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/food-chain<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.agronomy.k-state.edu\/services\/soiltesting\/documents\/fertilizer_recommendations_and_references\/phosphorus-facts.pdf<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/socratic.org\/questions\/what-is-the-largest-source-of-phosphorus-on-earth<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/quizlet.com\/17801039\/chapter-8-test-flash-cards\/<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/pmc.ucsc.edu\/~apaytan\/publications\/2007_Articles\/PaytanMcLaughlin_ChemRev_2007_107_563TheOceanicPCycle.pdf<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-642-69773-9_8<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/greatperformersacademy.com\/health\/15-key-elements-of-a-healthier-and-happier-lifestyle<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Phosphorus Cycle Definition The phosphorus cycle is a biogeochemical cycle that deals with the movement of phosphorus in the form of different compounds through the Earth\u2019s various systems like the &#8230; <a title=\"Phosphorus Cycle- Definition, Steps, Examples, Significance, Human Impacts\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/phosphorus-cycle\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Phosphorus Cycle- Definition, Steps, Examples, Significance, Human Impacts\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":31425,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6189],"tags":[5749,5750],"custom":{"td_video":"","featured_image":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Phosphorus-Cycle.jpg","author":{"name":"Anupama Sapkota","avatar":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0e9c86afc1670c49efeb260138ec905b?s=96&d=mm&r=g"},"categories":[{"term_id":6189,"name":"Biology","slug":"biology","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":6189,"taxonomy":"category","description":"<strong>Biology is a vast discipline that deals with the study of living beings and their vital processes, that deal with the physicochemical aspects of life.<\/strong>\r\n\r\nBiology is a natural science that utilizes different structural and functional concepts for the differentiation of living beings from non-living beings.\r\nAt present times, as a result of cross-disciplinary research, other disciplines like chemistry, physics, computer science, and medicine have been integrated with biology, resulting in areas like biochemistry, biophysics, biomedicine, and bioinformatics.\r\nBiology is further divided into separate branches for the convenience of study, even though all of these branches are interrelated to one another.\r\nBiology is separated into botany (the study of plants) and zoology (the study of animals), morphology (structure), and physiology (function).\r\nLiving beings have been divided into different kingdoms, phylum, classes, orders, and genus to make the identification and studies related to different organisms more feasible.\r\nTraditionally, biology was only associated with the structure and function of living beings.\r\nWith time, however, biology deals with the fundamental levels of life, resulting in a separate discipline termed, molecular biology.\r\nBiology has now been developed into modern biology which is based on certain foundations like cell theory, evolution, genetics, homeostasis, and chemical energy.\r\nBiology defines cell as the fundamental unit of life, which is common in all living beings, microscopic, and macroscopic.\r\nBesides, other concepts like evolution and genomics further help in understanding the origin, evolution, and relationship among living beings.\r\nGenetics is another component of biology that helps in the differentiation of living beings based on their genomic composition.\r\nHomeostasis is another crucial unit of biology which suggests that all living organisms maintain a constant internal environment.\r\nNon-living parts of the world like the air, water, and soil have been closely related to the living world, which creates a close relationship between biology and the environment.\r\n\r\n<strong>Developmental biology is a branch of natural science that studies various interactions involved in the formation of the heterogeneous shape, structure, and size of different organisms that occur during the development of an embryo into an adult.<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>In short, developmental biology is a discipline that deals with the processes involved in the development of a multicellular organism as controlled by genetic information.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Developmental biology studies the mechanisms of development, differentiation, and growth in plants and animals at the cellular, molecular, genetic, and evolutionary levels.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Different forms of reproduction like sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction, metamorphosis, and germination of seeds and embryos are essential aspects of developmental biology.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Developmental biology is a fast-growing discipline that is interrelated with a vast array of disciplines like molecular biology, anatomy, cancer biology, immunology, ecology, evolutionary biology, cell biology, and physiology.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Studies done in developmental biology have provided information on the molecular genetics of development, growth factors, oncogenes, the evolution of developmental control, mechanisms of differentiation, gametogenesis, fertilization, and control of gene expression.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Other areas of emphasis in developmental biology include transcriptional control, cell-cell interactions, regulatory hierarchies, signal transduction, etc.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The development of developmental biology as an important discipline is due to its applications in different areas.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The results of the research are used in fertility clinics where the information is used for artificial insemination, test-tube culture, and to treat other infertility issues.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Tissue engineering is another essential technique that utilizes concepts of developmental biology to grow replacement tissues in plastic dishes and to control the formation of cancer cells.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Reactivation of stem cells to grow replacement tissues is also by virtue of accomplishments made in developmental biology.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>In agriculture, techniques developed for selective breeding by optimizing root systems, plant size, and flowering time has allowed for a better and increased harvest.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>Cancer biology is a branch of biology that studies the complex expression of genes, proteins, and biological processes that initiated the development and growth of\u00a0cancers.<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Understanding the many different biological systems underlying cancer\u2019s development is essential for understanding cancer and identifying new targets for treatment.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Most of the researches in cancer biology are concerned with genomic conservation; in particular, how the genetic composition of cell ensure that no errors occur during processes like copying the genome or repairing it after damage.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The genetic conservation also ensures that a complete copy of the genome is inherited by each daughter cell.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Cancer results when one or all of these processes go wrong, which leads to inconsistency in cancer cells that can successfully be exploited for treatment.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Another critical aspect of cancer biology is studies related to protein function and interactions on a systems-wide scale to identify how signaling pathways are restructured in cancer cells, and how this affects cell behavior, cell shape, and cell metabolism.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Cancer cells are transformed cells after acquiring a series of changes that permit them to form tumors, which behave differently depending on the genetic changes that result in this transformation.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The hallmarks of cancer cells include signs like self-sufficiency in growth signals, evasion of programmed cell death, insensitivity to growth-inhibitory signals, limitless replicative potential, sustained angiogenesis, and tissue invasion.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Cancer biology is a vast branch that studies the process of carcinogenesis, mutations, carcinogens, and cellular changes.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The role of cancer biology in the perioperative period is of increasing interest as it provides evidence regarding fundamental principles of cancer biology, especially tumor microenvironment, and discusses new therapeutic opportunities.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Different researches in cancer biology help in the identification of cancer symptoms and the formation of malignant tumors of different cells found in living beings.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>These researches also enable the differentiation between normal cells and cancer cells which assists in the early diagnosis of cancer.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","parent":0,"count":195,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":6189,"category_count":195,"category_description":"<strong>Biology is a vast discipline that deals with the study of living beings and their vital processes, that deal with the physicochemical aspects of life.<\/strong>\r\n\r\nBiology is a natural science that utilizes different structural and functional concepts for the differentiation of living beings from non-living beings.\r\nAt present times, as a result of cross-disciplinary research, other disciplines like chemistry, physics, computer science, and medicine have been integrated with biology, resulting in areas like biochemistry, biophysics, biomedicine, and bioinformatics.\r\nBiology is further divided into separate branches for the convenience of study, even though all of these branches are interrelated to one another.\r\nBiology is separated into botany (the study of plants) and zoology (the study of animals), morphology (structure), and physiology (function).\r\nLiving beings have been divided into different kingdoms, phylum, classes, orders, and genus to make the identification and studies related to different organisms more feasible.\r\nTraditionally, biology was only associated with the structure and function of living beings.\r\nWith time, however, biology deals with the fundamental levels of life, resulting in a separate discipline termed, molecular biology.\r\nBiology has now been developed into modern biology which is based on certain foundations like cell theory, evolution, genetics, homeostasis, and chemical energy.\r\nBiology defines cell as the fundamental unit of life, which is common in all living beings, microscopic, and macroscopic.\r\nBesides, other concepts like evolution and genomics further help in understanding the origin, evolution, and relationship among living beings.\r\nGenetics is another component of biology that helps in the differentiation of living beings based on their genomic composition.\r\nHomeostasis is another crucial unit of biology which suggests that all living organisms maintain a constant internal environment.\r\nNon-living parts of the world like the air, water, and soil have been closely related to the living world, which creates a close relationship between biology and the environment.\r\n\r\n<strong>Developmental biology is a branch of natural science that studies various interactions involved in the formation of the heterogeneous shape, structure, and size of different organisms that occur during the development of an embryo into an adult.<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>In short, developmental biology is a discipline that deals with the processes involved in the development of a multicellular organism as controlled by genetic information.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Developmental biology studies the mechanisms of development, differentiation, and growth in plants and animals at the cellular, molecular, genetic, and evolutionary levels.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Different forms of reproduction like sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction, metamorphosis, and germination of seeds and embryos are essential aspects of developmental biology.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Developmental biology is a fast-growing discipline that is interrelated with a vast array of disciplines like molecular biology, anatomy, cancer biology, immunology, ecology, evolutionary biology, cell biology, and physiology.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Studies done in developmental biology have provided information on the molecular genetics of development, growth factors, oncogenes, the evolution of developmental control, mechanisms of differentiation, gametogenesis, fertilization, and control of gene expression.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Other areas of emphasis in developmental biology include transcriptional control, cell-cell interactions, regulatory hierarchies, signal transduction, etc.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The development of developmental biology as an important discipline is due to its applications in different areas.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The results of the research are used in fertility clinics where the information is used for artificial insemination, test-tube culture, and to treat other infertility issues.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Tissue engineering is another essential technique that utilizes concepts of developmental biology to grow replacement tissues in plastic dishes and to control the formation of cancer cells.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Reactivation of stem cells to grow replacement tissues is also by virtue of accomplishments made in developmental biology.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>In agriculture, techniques developed for selective breeding by optimizing root systems, plant size, and flowering time has allowed for a better and increased harvest.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>Cancer biology is a branch of biology that studies the complex expression of genes, proteins, and biological processes that initiated the development and growth of\u00a0cancers.<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Understanding the many different biological systems underlying cancer\u2019s development is essential for understanding cancer and identifying new targets for treatment.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Most of the researches in cancer biology are concerned with genomic conservation; in particular, how the genetic composition of cell ensure that no errors occur during processes like copying the genome or repairing it after damage.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The genetic conservation also ensures that a complete copy of the genome is inherited by each daughter cell.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Cancer results when one or all of these processes go wrong, which leads to inconsistency in cancer cells that can successfully be exploited for treatment.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Another critical aspect of cancer biology is studies related to protein function and interactions on a systems-wide scale to identify how signaling pathways are restructured in cancer cells, and how this affects cell behavior, cell shape, and cell metabolism.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Cancer cells are transformed cells after acquiring a series of changes that permit them to form tumors, which behave differently depending on the genetic changes that result in this transformation.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The hallmarks of cancer cells include signs like self-sufficiency in growth signals, evasion of programmed cell death, insensitivity to growth-inhibitory signals, limitless replicative potential, sustained angiogenesis, and tissue invasion.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Cancer biology is a vast branch that studies the process of carcinogenesis, mutations, carcinogens, and cellular changes.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The role of cancer biology in the perioperative period is of increasing interest as it provides evidence regarding fundamental principles of cancer biology, especially tumor microenvironment, and discusses new therapeutic opportunities.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Different researches in cancer biology help in the identification of cancer symptoms and the formation of malignant tumors of different cells found in living beings.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>These researches also enable the differentiation between normal cells and cancer cells which assists in the early diagnosis of cancer.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","cat_name":"Biology","category_nicename":"biology","category_parent":0}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41342"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=41342"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41342\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/31425"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=41342"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=41342"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=41342"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}