{"id":41285,"date":"2023-08-03T14:59:58","date_gmt":"2023-08-03T09:14:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/phenotype-vs-genotype\/"},"modified":"2023-08-03T14:59:58","modified_gmt":"2023-08-03T09:14:58","slug":"phenotype-vs-genotype","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/phenotype-vs-genotype\/","title":{"rendered":"Phenotype vs. Genotype: 10 Differences, Examples"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-29608 size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"472\" src=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Differences-between-Phenotype-and-Genotype.jpeg\" alt=\"Differences between Phenotype and Genotype\" class=\"wp-image-29608\" srcset=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Differences-between-Phenotype-and-Genotype.jpeg 900w, https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Differences-between-Phenotype-and-Genotype-300x157.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Differences-between-Phenotype-and-Genotype-768x403.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Image created using biorender.com<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_65 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0a0a0a;color:#0a0a0a\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0a0a0a;color:#0a0a0a\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/phenotype-vs-genotype\/#phenotype-definition\" title=\"Phenotype Definition\">Phenotype Definition<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/phenotype-vs-genotype\/#genotype-definition\" title=\"Genotype Definition\">Genotype Definition<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/phenotype-vs-genotype\/#key-differences-phenotype-vs-genotype\" title=\"Key Differences (Phenotype vs Genotype)\">Key Differences (Phenotype vs Genotype)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/phenotype-vs-genotype\/#basis-for-comparison\" title=\"Basis for Comparison\">Basis for Comparison<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/phenotype-vs-genotype\/#phenotype\" title=\"Phenotype\">Phenotype<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/phenotype-vs-genotype\/#genotype\" title=\"Genotype\">Genotype<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/phenotype-vs-genotype\/#examples-of-phenotype\" title=\"Examples of phenotype\">Examples of phenotype<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/phenotype-vs-genotype\/#melanin-production\" title=\"Melanin production\">Melanin production<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/phenotype-vs-genotype\/#mendels-peas\" title=\"Mendels\u2019 Peas \">Mendels\u2019 Peas <\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/phenotype-vs-genotype\/#examples-of-genotype\" title=\"Examples of genotype\">Examples of genotype<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/phenotype-vs-genotype\/#eye-color\" title=\"Eye color\">Eye color<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/phenotype-vs-genotype\/#curly-hair\" title=\"Curly hair\">Curly hair<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/phenotype-vs-genotype\/#references-and-sources\" title=\"References and Sources\">References and Sources<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"phenotype-definition\"><\/span><strong>Phenotype Definition<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Phenotype is a term used in genetics to refer to all the observable traits in organisms as a result of the interaction of the genotype with the environment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The term \u2018pheno\u2019 in \u2018phenotype\u2019 refers to \u2018observe\u2019 and thus phenotype is used to indicate the observable characteristics in organisms like its height and color.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The phenotype of an organism covers the organism\u2019s morphology, physical form and structure, its development and behavior, its biological and physiological properties, and even the products of the organism.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Thus, phenotypes are used to distinguish the differences in the DNA sequences between individuals with differences in traits like height.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The phenotype of an organism is dependent on two factors; the expression of the genome or its genotype and its interaction with the environmental factors.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Either one or both factors might act to bring about the phenotype of an organism.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Variation in phenotype is observed even within an individual because of environmental, physiological, and morphological changes associated with age.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The variation in phenotype forms the basis of natural selection where the environment favors the survival of more fit individuals over the others.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This phenomenon is clearly seen in the case of twins, where individuals with identical genotypes might express different phenotypes if each individual encounters a different environment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Thus, without phenotypic variation, evolution by natural selection wouldn\u2019t be possible.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The concept of variation in phenotype might act below the genetic makeup of the individual. An example of this is the silent mutations that do not change the <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/amino-acids-properties-structure-classification-and-functions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">amino acid<\/a> sequences but change the frequency of guanine-cytosine base pairs.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This change affects the G-C content of the genome, which, in turn, causes an increase in thermal stability, allowing the organism to live in high-temperature environments.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Examples of phenotypes seen in various organisms include the blood group, eye color, and hair texture as well as genetic diseases in humans, pod size and color of leaves, beak birds, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"genotype-definition\"><\/span><strong>Genotype Definition<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>The genotype is a term used in genetics used to refer to the genetic composition of an individual consisting of heritable genes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The term \u2018genotype\u2019 also refers to the two alleles that are inherited for a particular gene.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Genotypes are represented with alphabetical letters like Bb where B stands for the dominant allele and b stands for the recessive allele.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The physical characteristics of an individual, called phenotypes, are a result of the expression of these genes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>However, the genotype is not the only factor responsible for the difference in the phenotype, and phenotype is also affected by other factors like inherited epigenetics and environmental factors.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Thus, neither all individuals with the same genotype look identical nor all individuals that look-alike has the same genotype.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Genotypes in organisms are affected by various factors like mutations that change the frequency of the base pairs or the structure of the DNA sequences.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>However, genes formed due to somatic mutations that are acquired rather than inherited are not considered as the genotype of the individual. These mutations also do not bring about any changes in the genotypes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The expression of genotypes in organisms is dependent on the composition of the genotype. In the presence of a dominant allele, the offspring for sure inherits the dominant traits irrespective of the other allele.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The genotype of a character depends entirely on the gene sequences except for the occasional heritable mutations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Thus, genotype remains the same throughout the life of an individual unless affected by <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/mutation-causes-mechanisms-agents-and-significance\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">mutations<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Similarly, phenotypic changes in an individual don\u2019t cause any changes in the genotype of the individual as genotypic is not affected by phenotype.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Genotypes, like phenotypes, are not observable from the outside. Instead processes like genotyping are to be performed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The process of determining the genotype of an individual is termed genotyping, which can be used for various purposes like <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/polymerase-chain-reaction-pcr-principle-steps-applications\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PCR<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/dna-sequencing-maxam-gilbert-and-sanger-dideoxy-method\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">DNA sequencing<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/restriction-fragment-length-polymorphism-rflp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Examples of genotypes seen in different animals include TT as the homozygous allele for height, Tt for the heterozygous allele for height, and BB for homozygous allele for eye color.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"key-differences-phenotype-vs-genotype\"><\/span><strong>Key Differences (Phenotype vs Genotype)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"basis-for-comparison\"><\/span><strong>Basis for Comparison<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/td><td>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"phenotype\"><\/span><strong>Phenotype<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/td><td>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"genotype\"><\/span><strong>Genotype<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Definition<\/strong><\/td><td>Phenotype is a term used in genetics to refer to all the observable traits in organisms as a result of the interaction of the genotype with the environment.<\/td><td>Genotype is a term used in genetics used to refer to the genetic composition of an individual consisting of heritable genes.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Observable<\/strong><\/td><td>Phenotypes are observable traits that can be seen on the body of the organism.<\/td><td>Genotypes are present within the chromosomes of the individuals and thus cannot be observed.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Inherited<\/strong><\/td><td>Phenotypes are not inherited.<\/td><td>Genotypes are partly inherited from an individual to the offspring as one of the two alleles during sexual reproduction.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Consists of<\/strong><\/td><td>Phenotype consists of various traits like physical form and structure, its development and behavior, its biological and physiological properties, and even the products of the organism.<\/td><td>Genotype consists of hereditary characteristics of an organism which may or may not be expressed in the next generation.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Affected by<\/strong><\/td><td>Phenotype is affected by the genotype of the organism and other environmental conditions.<\/td><td>The genotype is affected by the genetic composition of the individual, which, in turn, is affected by sexual reproduction. Heritable mutations might also affect the genotype of the organism.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Relation<\/strong><\/td><td>The same phenotype may or may not be expressed from the same genotype.<\/td><td>The same genotype always results in the same phenotype, unless heritable mutations.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Determined by<\/strong><\/td><td>Phenotypes can be determined easily by observing the organism.<\/td><td>Genotypes are determined by the process of genotyping in various scientific methods like Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and RFLP.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Environmental factors<\/strong><\/td><td>Phenotypes are affected by environmental factors.<\/td><td>Genotypes are not affected by environmental factors.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Changes<\/strong><\/td><td>Phenotypes might change during the lifetime of an individual like the color of the hair.<\/td><td>Genotypes remain the same throughout the life of the individual.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Examples<\/strong><\/td><td>Examples of phenotypes seen in various organisms include the blood group, eye color, and hair texture as well as genetic diseases in humans, pod size and color of leaves, beak birds, etc.<\/td><td>Examples of genotypes seen in different animals include TT as the homozygous allele for height, Tt for the heterozygous allele for height, and BB for homozygous allele for eye color.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"examples-of-phenotype\"><\/span><strong>Examples of phenotype<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"melanin-production\"><\/span><strong>Melanin production<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Melanin production in humans is controlled by particular genes; thus, the difference in melanin production is due to the differences in the genotype of the organisms.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Although different genes control the distribution of melanin throughout the body, there is a single gene that affects its production.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Thus, individuals with a particular genotype might suffer form no production of melanin at all, resulting in albinism.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Thus, people with albinism usually have white or some shade of pink colored skin.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Albinism is a phenotype resulting from a particular genotype, and because the gene pool for albinism is rather large, cases of albinism are seen in many populations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Albinism might even be prevalent in some animals.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"mendels-peas\"><\/span><strong>Mendels\u2019 Peas <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Mendel studied a number of phenotypes in peas as a part of his studies. Almost all discoveries he made were based on those phenotypes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In the case of the color of the peas, green and yellow-colored peas were studied. He found that breeding of yellow and green-colored peas resulted in half yellow and half green peas with some variation in some generations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Based on this, he determined the ratios of different phenotypes in different generations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The coloration in peas is coded by a particular gene which results in yellow color. In the absence of this gene, the color of the pea turned green.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Thus the yellow color is the dominant allele, and the green is the recessive allele.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"examples-of-genotype\"><\/span><strong>Examples of genotype<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"eye-color\"><\/span><strong>Eye color<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>The dominant genetic trait for eye color is brown, which is represented by BB genotype.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Thus, in homozygous individuals, the genotype for eye color will be BB or bb.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>All other eye colors ranging from blue to green to grey are recessive traits that are only expressed when the genotype is homozygous-recessive, bb.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If the genotype is homozygous, the genes for eye color in the loci of the two chromosomes should be identical.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The phenotype of the individual, that is, the eye color in the individual is dependent on the resultant genotype for that character.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"curly-hair\"><\/span><strong>Curly hair<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>If we consider the genotype for hair type as H for dominant trait and h for a recessive trait, the genotype for curly hair would be HH or Hh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This genotype codes for the protein that causes the hair to be curly.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If the genotype is HH, the individual would have curly hair, but in the presence of a heterozygous genotype, the hair would be wavy, which is between curly and straight hair.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>For the hair to be straight, the genotype would have to be hh as straight hair is a recessive trait.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In complete dominance, the curly hair trait is observed in individuals with the heterozygous condition.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"references-and-sources\"><\/span><strong>References and Sources<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>2% &#8211; https:\/\/biodifferences.com\/difference-between-phenotype-and-genotype.html<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/phenotype<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.biologyonline.com\/dictionary\/phenotype<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1% &#8211; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Phenotype<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1% &#8211; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Genotype<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1% &#8211; https:\/\/byjus.com\/biology\/genotype-and-phenotype-difference\/<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.spectrumnews.org\/news\/genetics-identical-twins-not-so-similar\/<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/SRMegh\/silent-mutation-2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/329214501_Biparental_Inheritance_of_Mitochondrial_DNA_in_Humans<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3563493\/<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK7908\/<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/quizlet.com\/361810829\/chapter-22-and-23-darwin-flash-cards\/<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/quizlet.com\/359071278\/genetics-ch-1-flash-cards\/<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/quizlet.com\/25549586\/genetics-flash-cards\/<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/quizlet.com\/114950720\/ch-15-ch-16-study-guide-flash-cards\/<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/curlybetty.wordpress.com\/2011\/05\/10\/curly-hair-genetics-heredity\/<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/biologywise.com\/homozygous-vs-heterozygous<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Phenotype Definition Genotype Definition Key Differences (Phenotype vs Genotype) Basis for Comparison Phenotype Genotype Definition Phenotype is a term used in genetics to refer to all the observable traits in &#8230; <a title=\"Phenotype vs. Genotype: 10 Differences, Examples\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/phenotype-vs-genotype\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Phenotype vs. Genotype: 10 Differences, Examples\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":29608,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1025,6193],"tags":[5516,5515,5514,5513],"custom":{"td_video":"","featured_image":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Differences-between-Phenotype-and-Genotype.jpeg","author":{"name":"Anupama Sapkota","avatar":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0e9c86afc1670c49efeb260138ec905b?s=96&d=mm&r=g"},"categories":[{"term_id":1025,"name":"Difference Between","slug":"difference-between","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1025,"taxonomy":"category","description":"Difference Between Notes. Notes on Difference Between. Online Difference Between related notes. Difference Between Notes for undergraduate and graduate students with diagrams.","parent":0,"count":89,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":1025,"category_count":89,"category_description":"Difference Between Notes. Notes on Difference Between. Online Difference Between related notes. Difference Between Notes for undergraduate and graduate students with diagrams.","cat_name":"Difference Between","category_nicename":"difference-between","category_parent":0},{"term_id":6193,"name":"Genetics","slug":"genetics","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":6193,"taxonomy":"category","description":"<strong>Genetics is a branch of natural science that deals with heredity due to the transmission of genes, gene regulation, and gene manipulation.<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Genetics is a connecting link between many disciplines like microbiology, biotechnology, medicine, and agriculture.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Studies involving genes and chromosomes of living beings began quite late as it requires significant advances in the microscopy area.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The influence of heredity and its application of cultivation and production improved organisms, however, had been recognized since ancient times.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The study of genes and genetics began as a major concept after studies made by Mendel on pea plants. It was further strengthened and flourished by the works of Morgan.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Eventually, genetics became a distinct area of study with the identification of genes and the study of genes at different levels, including their role in the cell, their regulation, and their expression.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Initially, genetics was limited to understanding the concept and process of heredity via techniques like the formation of Punnet\u2019s square. With the development of techniques like X-ray diffraction, the structure of DNA, and the presence of genetic code were established. This paved the way for modern genetics.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Modern genetics focuses on the chemical composition of structures found in genes like the DNA that influences the chemical reactions taking place in the cell.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Gene expression is influenced by two major factors; the genetic composition and the influence of the environment.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The influence of the environment on gene expression can be distinctly observed in green plants where the gene responsible for the formation of chlorophyll is only expressed in the presence of sunlight.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u00a0Genes, through the proteins they encode, determine how efficiently foods and chemicals are metabolized, how effectively toxins are detoxified, and even how vigorously infections are targeted.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Processes like mutations are now a significant cause of major genetic diseases. The mutations might arise due to a complex combination of genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","parent":0,"count":79,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":6193,"category_count":79,"category_description":"<strong>Genetics is a branch of natural science that deals with heredity due to the transmission of genes, gene regulation, and gene manipulation.<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Genetics is a connecting link between many disciplines like microbiology, biotechnology, medicine, and agriculture.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Studies involving genes and chromosomes of living beings began quite late as it requires significant advances in the microscopy area.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The influence of heredity and its application of cultivation and production improved organisms, however, had been recognized since ancient times.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The study of genes and genetics began as a major concept after studies made by Mendel on pea plants. It was further strengthened and flourished by the works of Morgan.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Eventually, genetics became a distinct area of study with the identification of genes and the study of genes at different levels, including their role in the cell, their regulation, and their expression.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Initially, genetics was limited to understanding the concept and process of heredity via techniques like the formation of Punnet\u2019s square. With the development of techniques like X-ray diffraction, the structure of DNA, and the presence of genetic code were established. This paved the way for modern genetics.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Modern genetics focuses on the chemical composition of structures found in genes like the DNA that influences the chemical reactions taking place in the cell.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Gene expression is influenced by two major factors; the genetic composition and the influence of the environment.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The influence of the environment on gene expression can be distinctly observed in green plants where the gene responsible for the formation of chlorophyll is only expressed in the presence of sunlight.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u00a0Genes, through the proteins they encode, determine how efficiently foods and chemicals are metabolized, how effectively toxins are detoxified, and even how vigorously infections are targeted.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Processes like mutations are now a significant cause of major genetic diseases. The mutations might arise due to a complex combination of genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","cat_name":"Genetics","category_nicename":"genetics","category_parent":0}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41285"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=41285"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41285\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29608"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=41285"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=41285"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=41285"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}