{"id":41212,"date":"2023-08-03T14:59:05","date_gmt":"2023-08-03T09:14:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/angiosperm-vs-gymnosperm\/"},"modified":"2023-08-04T10:26:45","modified_gmt":"2023-08-04T04:41:45","slug":"angiosperm-vs-gymnosperm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/angiosperm-vs-gymnosperm\/","title":{"rendered":"Angiosperm vs. Gymnosperm: 27 Differences, Examples"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_29168\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-29168\" style=\"width: 890px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29168 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Differences-between-Angiosperm-and-Gymnosperm.jpeg\" alt=\"Differences between Angiosperm and Gymnosperm\" width=\"900\" height=\"472\" srcset=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Differences-between-Angiosperm-and-Gymnosperm.jpeg 900w, https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Differences-between-Angiosperm-and-Gymnosperm-300x157.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Differences-between-Angiosperm-and-Gymnosperm-768x403.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-29168\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image created using <a href=\"https:\/\/biorender.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">biorender.com<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_65 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0a0a0a;color:#0a0a0a\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0a0a0a;color:#0a0a0a\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/angiosperm-vs-gymnosperm\/#angiosperm-definition\" title=\"Angiosperm Definition\">Angiosperm Definition<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/angiosperm-vs-gymnosperm\/#gymnosperm-definition\" title=\"Gymnosperm Definition\">Gymnosperm Definition<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/angiosperm-vs-gymnosperm\/#key-differences-angiosperm-vs-gymnosperm\" title=\"Key Differences (Angiosperm vs Gymnosperm)\">Key Differences (Angiosperm vs Gymnosperm)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/angiosperm-vs-gymnosperm\/#basis-for-comparison\" title=\"Basis for Comparison\">Basis for Comparison<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/angiosperm-vs-gymnosperm\/#angiosperm\" title=\"Angiosperm\">Angiosperm<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/angiosperm-vs-gymnosperm\/#gymnosperm\" title=\"Gymnosperm\">Gymnosperm<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/angiosperm-vs-gymnosperm\/#examples-of-angiosperm\" title=\"Examples of Angiosperm \">Examples of Angiosperm <\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/angiosperm-vs-gymnosperm\/#mustard\" title=\"Mustard\">Mustard<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/angiosperm-vs-gymnosperm\/#rose\" title=\"Rose\">Rose<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/angiosperm-vs-gymnosperm\/#examples-of-gymnosperms\" title=\"Examples of Gymnosperms\">Examples of Gymnosperms<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/angiosperm-vs-gymnosperm\/#conifers\" title=\"Conifers\">Conifers<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/angiosperm-vs-gymnosperm\/#cycads\" title=\"Cycads\">Cycads<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/angiosperm-vs-gymnosperm\/#references-and-sources\" title=\"References and Sources\">References and Sources<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"angiosperm-definition\"><\/span><strong>Angiosperm Definition<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/angiosperms-characteristics-morphology-classification-uses\/\">Angiosperms<\/a> are the flowering <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/plant-cell\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">plants<\/a> that are the largest and most diverse groups of plants in the kingdom Plantae.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>These plants occupy about 80% of all green plants present on earth.<\/li>\n<li>Angiosperms are found in almost environments ranging from mountains to deep-sea surfaces to deserts.<\/li>\n<li>These are vascular plants that bear seed and flowers. They exist in different forms; herbs, trees, shrubs, etc.<\/li>\n<li>The flower is the reproductive organ of plants which consists of both male and female reproductive parts.<\/li>\n<li>The flowers, after fertilization, mature into fruits. The seeds are formed and are enclosed within the fruits. Based on the number of seed leaves, angiosperms are divided into monocotyledons and dicotyledons.<\/li>\n<li>The cells and tissues in angiosperms are specialized to perform different functions within the plant.<\/li>\n<li>These plants have specialized vascular tissues, xylem, and phloem that help transport water, mineral, and food to a different part of the plant.<\/li>\n<li>Because the plants in angiosperm are highly diverse, their size also varies within the group with the largest flowering plants being as tall as 100 meters and the smallest being two millimeters.<\/li>\n<li>Most flowering plants are either herbaceous or woody. Some are annuals, while others are biennials.<\/li>\n<li>They develop the vegetative parts of the plant during the first half of their growth while the reproductive parts like flowers are developed later.<\/li>\n<li>The basic structure of all angiosperm consists of a stem, roots, and leaves.<\/li>\n<li>Angiosperms have both a taproot and fibrous root system, both of which grow vertically downwards.<\/li>\n<li>From the taproot, lateral roots are formed that grow either horizontally or diagonally.<\/li>\n<li>In the case of a fibrous root, however, the primary roots are as long as the secondary roots or might even exceed the length of the primary root.<\/li>\n<li>The stem is the main axis of the plant that bears the flowers and the leaves.<\/li>\n<li>The leaves are of different types and remain attached to the stem. The leaves might have reticulate or parallel venation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"gymnosperm-definition\"><\/span><strong>Gymnosperm Definition<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/gymnosperms-characteristics-morphology-classification\/\">Gymnosperms<\/a> are vascular plants that have exposed or naked seeds that are not even visible until maturity.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The seeds in gymnosperms are mostly observed in the form of cones.<\/li>\n<li>The cells and tissues in angiosperms are specialized to perform different functions within the plant.<\/li>\n<li>These plants have specialized vascular tissues, xylem, and phloem that help transport water, mineral, and food to a different part of the plant.<\/li>\n<li>In most gymnosperms, the male pollen cones also called microstrobili, have reduced leaves, called microsporophylls.<\/li>\n<li>The pollen sacs, also termed microsporangia, are formed at the base of the microsporophylls.<\/li>\n<li>The female cones are termed megastrobili that might be present on either the same plant with male cones or on a different plant.<\/li>\n<li>Like microstrobili, megastrobili also have reduced leaves, called megasporophylls that contain megasporangium.<\/li>\n<li>Within the sporangium, the cells undergo meiotic division to form haploid cells which are then dispersed by different means for fertilization.<\/li>\n<li>After fertilization, the embryo matures and has two or more cotyledons. Plants like Cycads have two cotyledons while Pine and other conifers might have several (8-18) cotyledons.<\/li>\n<li>The seeds of the plant are not covered with fruit, and they do not form fruits. Instead, the seeds remain exposed as cones.<\/li>\n<li>The basic structure of gymnosperm is similar to angiosperm, consisting of a stem, roots, and leaves.<\/li>\n<li>The leaves of gymnosperms are scale-like or needle-like while the stems are mostly woody.<\/li>\n<li>The root system also might be either taproot or a fibrous system depending on the plant.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"key-differences-angiosperm-vs-gymnosperm\"><\/span><strong>Key Differences (Angiosperm vs Gymnosperm)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<table style=\"width: 92.7692%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 23.6181%; text-align: center;\" width=\"213\">\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"basis-for-comparison\"><\/span><strong>Basis for Comparison<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.8732%; text-align: center;\" width=\"213\">\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"angiosperm\"><\/span><strong>Angiosperm<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 35.6418%; text-align: center;\" width=\"213\">\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"gymnosperm\"><\/span><strong>Gymnosperm<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 23.6181%;\" width=\"213\"><strong>Definition<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.8732%;\" width=\"213\">Angiosperms are the flowering plants that are the largest and most diverse groups of plants in the kingdom Plantae.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 35.6418%;\" width=\"213\">Gymnosperms are vascular plants that have exposed or naked seeds that are not even visible until maturity.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 23.6181%;\" width=\"213\"><strong>Seed<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.8732%;\" width=\"213\">Seeds are enclosed inside an ovary that matures to form a fruit.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 35.6418%;\" width=\"213\">Seeds are exposed and might be present in the form of cones.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 23.6181%;\" width=\"213\"><strong>Flowers<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.8732%;\" width=\"213\">These are flowering plants and thus have flowers.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 35.6418%;\" width=\"213\">These are non-flowering plants and thus do not have flowers.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 23.6181%;\" width=\"213\"><strong>Reproductive system<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.8732%;\" width=\"213\">These are mostly bisexual while some might be unisexual.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 35.6418%;\" width=\"213\">These are mostly unisexual while some might be bisexual.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 23.6181%;\" width=\"213\"><strong>Stem<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.8732%;\" width=\"213\">The stem is made up of hardwood.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 35.6418%;\" width=\"213\">The stem is made up of softwood.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 23.6181%;\" width=\"213\"><strong>Leaves<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.8732%;\" width=\"213\">The leaves in these plants are broad and flat.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 35.6418%;\" width=\"213\">The leaves are either needle-like or scale-like.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 23.6181%;\" width=\"213\"><strong>Xylem<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.8732%;\" width=\"213\">Xylem forms vessels in angiosperms.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 35.6418%;\" width=\"213\">Xylem does not form vessels in gymnosperms.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 23.6181%;\" rowspan=\"9\" width=\"213\"><strong>Structure<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.8732%;\" width=\"213\">Sepals and petals are present.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 35.6418%;\" width=\"213\">Sepal and petals are absent.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.8732%;\" width=\"213\">Sporophylls contain stout thalamus.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 35.6418%;\" width=\"213\">Sporophylls have a long elongated axis.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.8732%;\" width=\"213\">The female reproductive part is developed into a carpel.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 35.6418%;\" width=\"213\">The female reproductive part is developed into a wooden structure.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.8732%;\" width=\"213\">Stigma and style are present.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 35.6418%;\" width=\"213\">Gymnosperms do not have stigma and style.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.8732%;\" width=\"213\">Microsporophyll is present in the form of a stamen. Stamen is further divided into an anther and a filament.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 35.6418%;\" width=\"213\">The microsporophyll is present as a broad sterile head where there is no distinction between the anther and the filament.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.8732%;\" width=\"213\">The ovary of the carpel contains ovules which are attached by means of placenta.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 35.6418%;\" width=\"213\">The ovules in gymnosperms are present on the megasporophyll without any placenta.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.8732%;\" width=\"213\">Ovules are present on a stalk.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 35.6418%;\" width=\"213\">Ovules of gymnosperms are sessile.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.8732%;\" width=\"213\">Two thin layers of micropyle surround an ovule.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 35.6418%;\" width=\"213\">Three layers of micropyle surround an ovule.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.8732%;\" width=\"213\">Most angiosperms have four pollen sacs or microsporangia.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 35.6418%;\" width=\"213\">The number of microsporangia ranges from two to hundreds.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 23.6181%;\" width=\"213\"><strong>Male gamete<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.8732%;\" width=\"213\">The male gamete has no flagella and thus is deposited on the egg.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 35.6418%;\" width=\"213\">The male gamete has flagella and thus can swim to the egg.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 23.6181%;\" width=\"213\"><strong>Embryo sac<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.8732%;\" width=\"213\">The embryo sac is seven celled and eight nucleated.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 35.6418%;\" width=\"213\">The embryo sac is parenchymatous and large.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 23.6181%;\" width=\"213\"><strong>Archegonia<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.8732%;\" width=\"213\">Angiosperms have no archegonia.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 35.6418%;\" width=\"213\">Gymnosperms have distinct archegonia present.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 23.6181%;\" width=\"213\"><strong>Cotyledons<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.8732%;\" width=\"213\">The seeds have one or two cotyledons.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 35.6418%;\" width=\"213\">The seeds have two or many cotyledons.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 23.6181%;\" width=\"213\"><strong>Endosperm<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.8732%;\" width=\"213\">The endosperm is triploid.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 35.6418%;\" width=\"213\">The endosperm is haploid.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 23.6181%;\" width=\"213\"><strong>Dispersion<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.8732%;\" width=\"213\">The primary mode of dispersion is animals.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 35.6418%;\" width=\"213\">The primary mode of dispersion is wind.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 23.6181%;\" width=\"213\"><strong>Fertilization<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.8732%;\" width=\"213\">Double fertilization takes place where both male gametes are functional. One performs the generative fertilization while the other performs vegetative fertilization.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 35.6418%;\" width=\"213\">Only one type of fertilization takes place, and only one male gamete is functional.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 23.6181%;\" width=\"213\"><strong>Development of seed<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.8732%;\" width=\"213\">The embryo develops inside the ovary which finally matures into a fruit.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 35.6418%;\" width=\"213\">The embryo develops on the megasporophyll, and no fruit is formed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 23.6181%;\" width=\"213\"><strong>Lifecycle<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.8732%;\" width=\"213\">These plants are mostly season. Some might be perennial or biennials.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 35.6418%;\" width=\"213\">Most of these plants are evergreen plants.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 23.6181%;\" width=\"213\"><strong>Uses<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.8732%;\" width=\"213\">Most angiosperms have economic value as they can be used as ornaments or decorations.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 35.6418%;\" width=\"213\">Most gymnosperms provide softwood which can be used to make paper, plywood, and lumber.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 23.6181%;\" width=\"213\"><strong>Examples <\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.8732%;\" width=\"213\">Mustard, Rose, Spinach, Cauliflower, etc.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 35.6418%;\" width=\"213\">Pine, Cycad, Sago palm, Sequoia, etc.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"examples-of-angiosperm\"><\/span><strong>Examples of A<\/strong><strong>ngiosperm <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"mustard\"><\/span><strong>Mustard<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>The mustard plant is somewhat worldwide in distribution with more than 350 genera. These are primarily found in the temperate region of the northern hemisphere.<\/li>\n<li>Mustard is a cool-season crop that can be grown in short growing seasons. Although the seedlings are somewhat tolerant to mild frost, severe frost might destroy the plant.<\/li>\n<li>Mustard plants start forming flowers after about five weeks of planting. The flowers are bright yellow to attract insects for pollination.<\/li>\n<li>The flower then develops in fruit with mustard seeds inside.<\/li>\n<li>Mustard seeds and oil have been traditionally used as a measure to relieve muscle pain, arthritic pain, and rheumatism.<\/li>\n<li>The oil is used extensively in Indian, Pakistani, and German cooking. Mustard can be consumed as whole seed, ground, or powdered form or by preparing pastes, sauce to be used in the kitchen.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"rose\"><\/span><strong>Rose<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Roses form the third-largest plant family with more than 30000 species of roses found all over the globe.<\/li>\n<li>Varieties of roses are found which vary in color from shades of red to pink to yellow. Roses have distinct fragrances that depend on the climatic condition during their blossom time.<\/li>\n<li>The colorful flower of roses attracts insects, which helps in pollination. After fertilization, the bulb converts into fruits which enclose numerous seeds.<\/li>\n<li>It takes about 6 to 8 weeks after planting during the spring season for the flower to blossom.<\/li>\n<li>Roses are planted via grafting rather than through seeds as the viability of plants increases with grafting.<\/li>\n<li>Roses are ornamental plants exclusively grown for decorative purposes. Some roses are cultivated to extract and formulate perfumes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"examples-of-gymnosperms\"><\/span><strong>Examples of Gymnosperms<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"conifers\"><\/span><strong>Conifers<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Conifers are woody cone-bearing seed plants with vascular tissues, most of which are trees and few shrubs and are most numerous of the gymnosperms.<\/li>\n<li>Coniferous plants grow out, shaping like a triangle with characteristic long and pointy needle-shaped leaves.<\/li>\n<li>Conifers are found growing almost every part of the world. However, they most notably cover the boreal forest of the northern hemisphere.<\/li>\n<li>The megastrobilis acts as the female reproductive parts, which after fertilization forms cones with exposed seeds.<\/li>\n<li>They are economically significant as they are used as softwood which is exclusively used for preparing paper and timber. They play major roles while cultivating pine nuts.<\/li>\n<li>Notable examples of conifers include pines, yews, redwoods, cedars, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"cycads\"><\/span><strong>Cycads<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Cycads have only around 15-20 species which are widely distributed in western as well as an eastern hemisphere.<\/li>\n<li>Their appearance constitutes a single, stout, cylindrical, woody trunk and a crown of large, hard, stiff, evergreen compound leaves that grow into a rosette formation.<\/li>\n<li>Cycads are deciduous and unique among cycads for not forming seed cones in female plants instead of a group of leaf-life structure (megasporophyll) with seeds in male individuals.<\/li>\n<li>Several species of cycads such as <em>C. circinalis, C. bedomei<\/em> are grown as ornamental plants in gardens.<\/li>\n<li>From the stem of some species, a kind of starch popularly called &#8216;sago&#8217; is obtained hence the name sago palm.<\/li>\n<li>Hats, basket, and mats are prepared from the leaves of <em>C. revoluta<\/em>. The leaves are also be used for floral decoration and other decorative purposes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"references-and-sources\"><\/span>References and Sources<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/story\/whats-the-difference-between-angiosperms-and-gymnosperms<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">1% &#8211; https:\/\/biologydictionary.net\/gymnosperm\/<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">1% &#8211; http:\/\/visionagri.com\/products.php<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.wisegeek.com\/what-is-a-stamen.htm<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/agricultural-and-biological-sciences\/microsporangia<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.reference.com\/science\/examples-conifers-3a8bde85b7dc404a<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.reference.com\/geography\/countries-northern-hemisphere-a6f58e1d4777d1e2<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.first-learn.com\/uses-of-plants.html<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.ehow.com\/info_10034158_examples-plants-fibrous-roots.html<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.ducksters.com\/science\/biology\/flowering_plants.php<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.differencebetween.com\/difference-between-flowering-and-vs-nonflowering-plants\/<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.chegg.com\/homework-help\/questions-and-answers\/someone-pleasw-help-question-posted-none-drew-anything-q52881942<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/megastrobilus<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/plant\/gymnosperm<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/plant\/angiosperm<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/guides\/zs7thyc\/revision\/1<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.answers.com\/Q\/How_do_gymnosperms_reproduce<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/walkingwith.fandom.com\/wiki\/Conifers<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2011.03714.x<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cycas<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/biodifferences.com\/difference-between-angiosperms-and-gymnosperms.html<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/answersdrive.com\/what-is-the-function-of-the-leaves-of-a-plant-441298<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">&lt;1% &#8211; http:\/\/www.biologyreference.com\/A-Ar\/Angiosperms.html<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Angiosperm Definition Angiosperms are the flowering plants that are the largest and most diverse groups of plants in the kingdom Plantae. These plants occupy about 80% of all green plants &#8230; <a title=\"Angiosperm vs. Gymnosperm: 27 Differences, Examples\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/angiosperm-vs-gymnosperm\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Angiosperm vs. Gymnosperm: 27 Differences, Examples\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":29168,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6189,1025],"tags":[5438,5436,5437,5439],"custom":{"td_video":"","featured_image":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Differences-between-Angiosperm-and-Gymnosperm.jpeg","author":{"name":"Anupama Sapkota","avatar":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0e9c86afc1670c49efeb260138ec905b?s=96&d=mm&r=g"},"categories":[{"term_id":6189,"name":"Biology","slug":"biology","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":6189,"taxonomy":"category","description":"<strong>Biology is a vast discipline that deals with the study of living beings and their vital processes, that deal with the physicochemical aspects of life.<\/strong>\r\n\r\nBiology is a natural science that utilizes different structural and functional concepts for the differentiation of living beings from non-living beings.\r\nAt present times, as a result of cross-disciplinary research, other disciplines like chemistry, physics, computer science, and medicine have been integrated with biology, resulting in areas like biochemistry, biophysics, biomedicine, and bioinformatics.\r\nBiology is further divided into separate branches for the convenience of study, even though all of these branches are interrelated to one another.\r\nBiology is separated into botany (the study of plants) and zoology (the study of animals), morphology (structure), and physiology (function).\r\nLiving beings have been divided into different kingdoms, phylum, classes, orders, and genus to make the identification and studies related to different organisms more feasible.\r\nTraditionally, biology was only associated with the structure and function of living beings.\r\nWith time, however, biology deals with the fundamental levels of life, resulting in a separate discipline termed, molecular biology.\r\nBiology has now been developed into modern biology which is based on certain foundations like cell theory, evolution, genetics, homeostasis, and chemical energy.\r\nBiology defines cell as the fundamental unit of life, which is common in all living beings, microscopic, and macroscopic.\r\nBesides, other concepts like evolution and genomics further help in understanding the origin, evolution, and relationship among living beings.\r\nGenetics is another component of biology that helps in the differentiation of living beings based on their genomic composition.\r\nHomeostasis is another crucial unit of biology which suggests that all living organisms maintain a constant internal environment.\r\nNon-living parts of the world like the air, water, and soil have been closely related to the living world, which creates a close relationship between biology and the environment.\r\n\r\n<strong>Developmental biology is a branch of natural science that studies various interactions involved in the formation of the heterogeneous shape, structure, and size of different organisms that occur during the development of an embryo into an adult.<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>In short, developmental biology is a discipline that deals with the processes involved in the development of a multicellular organism as controlled by genetic information.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Developmental biology studies the mechanisms of development, differentiation, and growth in plants and animals at the cellular, molecular, genetic, and evolutionary levels.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Different forms of reproduction like sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction, metamorphosis, and germination of seeds and embryos are essential aspects of developmental biology.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Developmental biology is a fast-growing discipline that is interrelated with a vast array of disciplines like molecular biology, anatomy, cancer biology, immunology, ecology, evolutionary biology, cell biology, and physiology.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Studies done in developmental biology have provided information on the molecular genetics of development, growth factors, oncogenes, the evolution of developmental control, mechanisms of differentiation, gametogenesis, fertilization, and control of gene expression.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Other areas of emphasis in developmental biology include transcriptional control, cell-cell interactions, regulatory hierarchies, signal transduction, etc.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The development of developmental biology as an important discipline is due to its applications in different areas.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The results of the research are used in fertility clinics where the information is used for artificial insemination, test-tube culture, and to treat other infertility issues.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Tissue engineering is another essential technique that utilizes concepts of developmental biology to grow replacement tissues in plastic dishes and to control the formation of cancer cells.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Reactivation of stem cells to grow replacement tissues is also by virtue of accomplishments made in developmental biology.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>In agriculture, techniques developed for selective breeding by optimizing root systems, plant size, and flowering time has allowed for a better and increased harvest.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>Cancer biology is a branch of biology that studies the complex expression of genes, proteins, and biological processes that initiated the development and growth of\u00a0cancers.<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Understanding the many different biological systems underlying cancer\u2019s development is essential for understanding cancer and identifying new targets for treatment.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Most of the researches in cancer biology are concerned with genomic conservation; in particular, how the genetic composition of cell ensure that no errors occur during processes like copying the genome or repairing it after damage.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The genetic conservation also ensures that a complete copy of the genome is inherited by each daughter cell.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Cancer results when one or all of these processes go wrong, which leads to inconsistency in cancer cells that can successfully be exploited for treatment.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Another critical aspect of cancer biology is studies related to protein function and interactions on a systems-wide scale to identify how signaling pathways are restructured in cancer cells, and how this affects cell behavior, cell shape, and cell metabolism.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Cancer cells are transformed cells after acquiring a series of changes that permit them to form tumors, which behave differently depending on the genetic changes that result in this transformation.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The hallmarks of cancer cells include signs like self-sufficiency in growth signals, evasion of programmed cell death, insensitivity to growth-inhibitory signals, limitless replicative potential, sustained angiogenesis, and tissue invasion.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Cancer biology is a vast branch that studies the process of carcinogenesis, mutations, carcinogens, and cellular changes.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The role of cancer biology in the perioperative period is of increasing interest as it provides evidence regarding fundamental principles of cancer biology, especially tumor microenvironment, and discusses new therapeutic opportunities.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Different researches in cancer biology help in the identification of cancer symptoms and the formation of malignant tumors of different cells found in living beings.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>These researches also enable the differentiation between normal cells and cancer cells which assists in the early diagnosis of cancer.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","parent":0,"count":195,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":6189,"category_count":195,"category_description":"<strong>Biology is a vast discipline that deals with the study of living beings and their vital processes, that deal with the physicochemical aspects of life.<\/strong>\r\n\r\nBiology is a natural science that utilizes different structural and functional concepts for the differentiation of living beings from non-living beings.\r\nAt present times, as a result of cross-disciplinary research, other disciplines like chemistry, physics, computer science, and medicine have been integrated with biology, resulting in areas like biochemistry, biophysics, biomedicine, and bioinformatics.\r\nBiology is further divided into separate branches for the convenience of study, even though all of these branches are interrelated to one another.\r\nBiology is separated into botany (the study of plants) and zoology (the study of animals), morphology (structure), and physiology (function).\r\nLiving beings have been divided into different kingdoms, phylum, classes, orders, and genus to make the identification and studies related to different organisms more feasible.\r\nTraditionally, biology was only associated with the structure and function of living beings.\r\nWith time, however, biology deals with the fundamental levels of life, resulting in a separate discipline termed, molecular biology.\r\nBiology has now been developed into modern biology which is based on certain foundations like cell theory, evolution, genetics, homeostasis, and chemical energy.\r\nBiology defines cell as the fundamental unit of life, which is common in all living beings, microscopic, and macroscopic.\r\nBesides, other concepts like evolution and genomics further help in understanding the origin, evolution, and relationship among living beings.\r\nGenetics is another component of biology that helps in the differentiation of living beings based on their genomic composition.\r\nHomeostasis is another crucial unit of biology which suggests that all living organisms maintain a constant internal environment.\r\nNon-living parts of the world like the air, water, and soil have been closely related to the living world, which creates a close relationship between biology and the environment.\r\n\r\n<strong>Developmental biology is a branch of natural science that studies various interactions involved in the formation of the heterogeneous shape, structure, and size of different organisms that occur during the development of an embryo into an adult.<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>In short, developmental biology is a discipline that deals with the processes involved in the development of a multicellular organism as controlled by genetic information.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Developmental biology studies the mechanisms of development, differentiation, and growth in plants and animals at the cellular, molecular, genetic, and evolutionary levels.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Different forms of reproduction like sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction, metamorphosis, and germination of seeds and embryos are essential aspects of developmental biology.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Developmental biology is a fast-growing discipline that is interrelated with a vast array of disciplines like molecular biology, anatomy, cancer biology, immunology, ecology, evolutionary biology, cell biology, and physiology.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Studies done in developmental biology have provided information on the molecular genetics of development, growth factors, oncogenes, the evolution of developmental control, mechanisms of differentiation, gametogenesis, fertilization, and control of gene expression.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Other areas of emphasis in developmental biology include transcriptional control, cell-cell interactions, regulatory hierarchies, signal transduction, etc.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The development of developmental biology as an important discipline is due to its applications in different areas.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The results of the research are used in fertility clinics where the information is used for artificial insemination, test-tube culture, and to treat other infertility issues.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Tissue engineering is another essential technique that utilizes concepts of developmental biology to grow replacement tissues in plastic dishes and to control the formation of cancer cells.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Reactivation of stem cells to grow replacement tissues is also by virtue of accomplishments made in developmental biology.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>In agriculture, techniques developed for selective breeding by optimizing root systems, plant size, and flowering time has allowed for a better and increased harvest.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>Cancer biology is a branch of biology that studies the complex expression of genes, proteins, and biological processes that initiated the development and growth of\u00a0cancers.<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Understanding the many different biological systems underlying cancer\u2019s development is essential for understanding cancer and identifying new targets for treatment.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Most of the researches in cancer biology are concerned with genomic conservation; in particular, how the genetic composition of cell ensure that no errors occur during processes like copying the genome or repairing it after damage.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The genetic conservation also ensures that a complete copy of the genome is inherited by each daughter cell.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Cancer results when one or all of these processes go wrong, which leads to inconsistency in cancer cells that can successfully be exploited for treatment.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Another critical aspect of cancer biology is studies related to protein function and interactions on a systems-wide scale to identify how signaling pathways are restructured in cancer cells, and how this affects cell behavior, cell shape, and cell metabolism.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Cancer cells are transformed cells after acquiring a series of changes that permit them to form tumors, which behave differently depending on the genetic changes that result in this transformation.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The hallmarks of cancer cells include signs like self-sufficiency in growth signals, evasion of programmed cell death, insensitivity to growth-inhibitory signals, limitless replicative potential, sustained angiogenesis, and tissue invasion.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Cancer biology is a vast branch that studies the process of carcinogenesis, mutations, carcinogens, and cellular changes.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The role of cancer biology in the perioperative period is of increasing interest as it provides evidence regarding fundamental principles of cancer biology, especially tumor microenvironment, and discusses new therapeutic opportunities.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Different researches in cancer biology help in the identification of cancer symptoms and the formation of malignant tumors of different cells found in living beings.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>These researches also enable the differentiation between normal cells and cancer cells which assists in the early diagnosis of cancer.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","cat_name":"Biology","category_nicename":"biology","category_parent":0},{"term_id":1025,"name":"Difference Between","slug":"difference-between","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1025,"taxonomy":"category","description":"Difference Between Notes. Notes on Difference Between. Online Difference Between related notes. Difference Between Notes for undergraduate and graduate students with diagrams.","parent":0,"count":89,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":1025,"category_count":89,"category_description":"Difference Between Notes. Notes on Difference Between. Online Difference Between related notes. Difference Between Notes for undergraduate and graduate students with diagrams.","cat_name":"Difference Between","category_nicename":"difference-between","category_parent":0}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41212"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=41212"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41212\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29168"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=41212"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=41212"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=41212"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}