{"id":41211,"date":"2023-08-03T14:59:03","date_gmt":"2023-08-03T09:14:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/class-12-biology-syllabus-nepal\/"},"modified":"2023-08-03T14:59:03","modified_gmt":"2023-08-03T09:14:03","slug":"class-12-biology-syllabus-nepal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/class-12-biology-syllabus-nepal\/","title":{"rendered":"NEB Class 12 Biology (Botany+Zoology) Latest Syllabus (Nepal)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-29162\" src=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Class-12-Biology-Botany-Zoology-Syllabus-2020-Nepal.jpeg\" alt=\"Class 12 Biology (Botany+Zoology) Syllabus (Nepal) with Study Notes Link\" width=\"900\" height=\"472\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 24pt;\">Bio. 302 (Class 12 Biology Syllabus with practical and sample project works)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_65 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0a0a0a;color:#0a0a0a\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0a0a0a;color:#0a0a0a\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/class-12-biology-syllabus-nepal\/#grade-12-%e2%80%93-botany-theory-64-teaching-hours\" title=\"Grade 12 \u2013 Botany (Theory) (64 teaching hours)\">Grade 12 \u2013 Botany (Theory) (64 teaching hours)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/class-12-biology-syllabus-nepal\/#unit-1-%e2%80%93-plant-anatomy-8-teaching-hours\" title=\"Unit 1 &#8211; Plant Anatomy (8 teaching hours)\">Unit 1 &#8211; Plant Anatomy (8 teaching hours)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/class-12-biology-syllabus-nepal\/#unit-2-%e2%80%93-plant-physiology-20-teaching-hours\" title=\"Unit 2 &#8211; Plant Physiology (20 teaching hours)\">Unit 2 &#8211; Plant Physiology (20 teaching hours)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/class-12-biology-syllabus-nepal\/#unit-3-%e2%80%93-genetics-21-teaching-hours\" title=\"Unit 3 &#8211; Genetics (21 teaching hours)\">Unit 3 &#8211; Genetics (21 teaching hours)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/class-12-biology-syllabus-nepal\/#unit-4-%e2%80%93-embryology-8-teaching-hours\" title=\"Unit 4 &#8211; Embryology (8 teaching hours)\">Unit 4 &#8211; Embryology (8 teaching hours)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/class-12-biology-syllabus-nepal\/#unit-5-%e2%80%93-biotechnology-7-teaching-hours\" title=\"Unit 5 &#8211; Biotechnology (7 teaching hours)\">Unit 5 &#8211; Biotechnology (7 teaching hours)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/class-12-biology-syllabus-nepal\/#grade-12-%e2%80%93-zoology-theory-64-teaching-hours\" title=\"Grade 12 \u2013 Zoology (Theory) (64 teaching hours)\">Grade 12 \u2013 Zoology (Theory) (64 teaching hours)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/class-12-biology-syllabus-nepal\/#unit-6-%e2%80%93-animal-tissues-8-teaching-hour\" title=\"Unit 6 &#8211; Animal Tissues (8 teaching hour)\">Unit 6 &#8211; Animal Tissues (8 teaching hour)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/class-12-biology-syllabus-nepal\/#unit-7-%e2%80%93-developmental-biology-6-teaching-hours\" title=\"Unit 7 &#8211; Developmental Biology (6 teaching hours)\">Unit 7 &#8211; Developmental Biology (6 teaching hours)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/class-12-biology-syllabus-nepal\/#unit-8-%e2%80%93-human-biology-28-teaching-hours\" title=\"Unit 8 &#8211; Human Biology (28 teaching hours)\">Unit 8 &#8211; Human Biology (28 teaching hours)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/class-12-biology-syllabus-nepal\/#unit-9-%e2%80%93-human-population-and-health-disorders-6-teaching-hours\" title=\"Unit 9 &#8211; Human Population and Health Disorders (6 teaching hours)\">Unit 9 &#8211; Human Population and Health Disorders (6 teaching hours)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/class-12-biology-syllabus-nepal\/#unit-10-%e2%80%93-applied-biology-16-teaching-hours\" title=\"Unit 10 &#8211; Applied Biology (16 teaching hours)\">Unit 10 &#8211; Applied Biology (16 teaching hours)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/class-12-biology-syllabus-nepal\/#class-12-botany-practical\" title=\"Class 12 Botany Practical\">Class 12 Botany Practical<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/class-12-biology-syllabus-nepal\/#unit-1-plant-anatomy\" title=\"Unit 1: Plant Anatomy\">Unit 1: Plant Anatomy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/class-12-biology-syllabus-nepal\/#unit-2-plant-physiology\" title=\"Unit 2: Plant Physiology\">Unit 2: Plant Physiology<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/class-12-biology-syllabus-nepal\/#unit-3-genetics\" title=\"Unit 3: Genetics\">Unit 3: Genetics<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/class-12-biology-syllabus-nepal\/#unit-4-embryology\" title=\"Unit 4: Embryology\">Unit 4: Embryology<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/class-12-biology-syllabus-nepal\/#unit-5-biotechnology\" title=\"Unit 5: Biotechnology\">Unit 5: Biotechnology<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/class-12-biology-syllabus-nepal\/#class-12-zoology-practical\" title=\"Class 12 Zoology Practical\">Class 12 Zoology Practical<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/class-12-biology-syllabus-nepal\/#unit-6-animal-tissues\" title=\"Unit 6: Animal Tissues\">Unit 6: Animal Tissues<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/class-12-biology-syllabus-nepal\/#unit-7-developmental-biology\" title=\"Unit 7: Developmental Biology\">Unit 7: Developmental Biology<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/class-12-biology-syllabus-nepal\/#unit-8-human-biology\" title=\"Unit 8: Human Biology\">Unit 8: Human Biology<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/class-12-biology-syllabus-nepal\/#unit-9-human-population-and-health-disorders\" title=\"Unit 9: Human Population and Health Disorders\">Unit 9: Human Population and Health Disorders<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/class-12-biology-syllabus-nepal\/#sample-project-works-for-grade-12-in-biology\" title=\"Sample project works for grade 12 in Biology\">Sample project works for grade 12 in Biology<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/class-12-biology-syllabus-nepal\/#botany\" title=\"Botany\">Botany<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/class-12-biology-syllabus-nepal\/#zoology\" title=\"Zoology\">Zoology<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/class-12-biology-syllabus-nepal\/#reference-and-source\" title=\"Reference and Source\">Reference and Source<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"grade-12-%e2%80%93-botany-theory-64-teaching-hours\"><\/span><strong>Grade 12 \u2013 Botany <\/strong><strong>(Theory) <\/strong><strong>(64 teaching hours)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"unit-1-%e2%80%93-plant-anatomy-8-teaching-hours\"><\/span><strong>Unit 1 &#8211; Plant Anatomy (8 teaching hours)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>1.1 Plant anatomy<\/strong>: Concept of tissues, <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/types-of-plant-cell\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">types of plant tissues<\/a> (meristems and permanent tissues), Anatomy of <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/monocot-and-dicot-roots\/\">dicot and monocot root<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/monocot-and-dicot-stem\/\">stem<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/monocot-and-dicot-leaves\/\">leaf<\/a> Secondary growth of dicot stem. (8 teaching hours)<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"unit-2-%e2%80%93-plant-physiology-20-teaching-hours\"><\/span><strong>Unit 2 &#8211; Plant Physiology (20 teaching hours)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>2.1 Water relation:<\/strong> Introduction and significance of &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/simple-diffusion\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">diffusion<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/osmosis-and-diffusion\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">osmosis<\/a>, and plasmolysis, ascent of sap, transpiration and guttation. (4 teaching hours)<\/p>\n<p><strong>2.2 Photosynthesis:<\/strong> Introduction and significance of <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/photosynthesis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">photosynthesis<\/a>, photosynthetic pigments, mechanism of photosynthesis (photochemical phase and Calvin-Benson cycle), C3 and C4 plants, photorespiration, <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/photosynthesis-limiting-factors\/\">factors affecting photosynthesis<\/a>. (5 teaching hours)<\/p>\n<p><strong>2.3 Respiration:<\/strong> Introduction and significance of respiration, types of respiration, mechanism of respiration (<a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/glycolysis-10-steps\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">glycolysis<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/krebs-cycle\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Krebs cycle<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/electron-transport-chain\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">electron transport system<\/a>), factors affecting respiration. (5 teaching hour)<\/p>\n<p><strong>2.4 Plant hormones:<\/strong> Introduction, physiological effects of auxins, gibberellins and Cytokinin\u2019s. (3 teaching hours)<\/p>\n<p><strong>2.5 Plant growth and movement: <\/strong>Concept on seed germination, dormancy, photoperiodism, vernalization, senescence; plant movements (tropic and nastic). (3 teaching hours)<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"unit-3-%e2%80%93-genetics-21-teaching-hours\"><\/span><strong>Unit 3 &#8211; Genetics <\/strong><strong>(21 teaching hours)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>3.1 Genetic Materials:<\/strong> Introduction to genetics and genetic materials, composition, structure and function of <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/dna-deoxyribonucleic-acid\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">DNA<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/rna-ribonucleic-acid\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">RNA<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/dna-replication\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">DNA replication<\/a>, introduction of <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/characteristic-of-genetic-code\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">genetic code<\/a>. (5 teaching hours)<\/p>\n<p><strong>3.2 Mendelian genetics:<\/strong> General terminology, <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/mendels-experiment-and-laws\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Mendel\u2019s experiment and laws<\/a> of inheritance, gene interactions (incomplete dominance, codominance). (6 teaching hours)<\/p>\n<p><strong>3.3 Linkage and crossing over:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/linkage-characteristics-types-and-significance\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Concept and types of linkage<\/a> (complete and incomplete), <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/sex-linked-inheritance\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sex-linked inheritance<\/a> (color blindness in man and eye color of Drosophila), concept and significances of crossing over. (5 teaching hours)<\/p>\n<p><strong>3.4 Mutation and polyploidy:<\/strong> Concept, type (<a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/mutation-causes-mechanisms-agents-and-significance\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">gene and chromosomal mutation<\/a>), importance of mutation (positive and negative), polyploidy (origin and significance). (5 teaching hours)<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"unit-4-%e2%80%93-embryology-8-teaching-hours\"><\/span><strong>Unit 4 &#8211; Embryology <\/strong><strong>(8 teaching hours)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>4.1 <\/strong>Asexual and sexual reproductions in angiosperms, pollination, fertilization, development of male and female gametophytes, development of dicot and monocot embryos, concept of endosperm. (8 teaching hours)<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"unit-5-%e2%80%93-biotechnology-7-teaching-hours\"><\/span><strong>Unit 5 &#8211; Biotechnology <\/strong><strong>(7 teaching hours)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>7.1 <\/strong>Introduction, <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/plant-tissue-culture\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tissue culture<\/a>, plant breeding, disease resistance plants, green manure and biofertilizer, bio-pesticide, genetic engineering and GMOs (genetically modified organisms) and application, bioengineering, food safety and food security. (7 teaching hour)<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"grade-12-%e2%80%93-zoology-theory-64-teaching-hours\"><\/span><strong>Grade 12 \u2013 Zoology (Theory) (64 teaching hours)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"unit-6-%e2%80%93-animal-tissues-8-teaching-hour\"><\/span><strong>Unit 6 &#8211; Animal Tissues (8 teaching hour)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>6.1 Animal Tissues: <\/strong>Introduction; Types of animal tissues: <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/epithelial-tissue\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">epithelial<\/a>, connective, muscular and nervous (structure, functions &amp; location of different sub-types). (8 teaching hour)<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"unit-7-%e2%80%93-developmental-biology-6-teaching-hours\"><\/span><strong>Unit 7 &#8211; Developmental Biology <\/strong><strong>(6 teaching hours)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>7.1 Gametogenesis<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/spermatogenesis\/\">Spermatogenesis<\/a> &amp; <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/oogenesis-ovulation-ovarian-cycle\/\">Oogenesis<\/a>. (2 teaching hours)<\/p>\n<p><strong>7.2 Development of frog<\/strong>: Fertilization &amp; its effects, cleavage, <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/morula\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">morulation<\/a>, blastulation, <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/gastrulation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">gastrulation<\/a>, organogenesis \u2013 formation of notochord, nerve cord &amp; coelom. (4 teaching hours)<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"unit-8-%e2%80%93-human-biology-28-teaching-hours\"><\/span><strong>Unit 8 &#8211; Human Biology <\/strong><strong>(28 teaching hours)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>8.1 Digestive system:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/the-human-digestive-system-organs-and-functions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Alimentary canal and digestive glands<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/physiology-of-digestion\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">physiology of digestion<\/a>. (2 teaching hours)<\/p>\n<p><strong>8.2 Respiratory System:<\/strong> Respiratory organs, respiratory mechanism &#8211; exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration. (2 teaching hours)<\/p>\n<p><strong>8.3 Circulatory System:<\/strong> Double circulation (concept), heart (structure and working mechanism), origin and conduction of heartbeat, cardiac cycle, cardiac output, arterial and venous systems (major arteries and veins), blood grouping, blood pressure. (4 teaching hours)<\/p>\n<p><strong>8.4 Excretory System:<\/strong> Concept of modes of excretion (ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism), Excretory organs, mechanism of urine formation. (3 teaching hours)<\/p>\n<p><strong>8.5 Nervous system:<\/strong> Types of nervous system (central, peripheral &amp; autonomous), structure and function of brain, Origin and conduction of nerve impulse. (3 teaching hours)<\/p>\n<p><strong>8.6 Sense organs:<\/strong> Structure and functions of eye and ear. (2 teaching hours)<\/p>\n<p><strong>8.7 Endocrinology:<\/strong> Endocrine glands and hormones \u2013 structure &amp; functions of hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads; hypo- and hyper-activity and related disorders. (9 teaching hours)<\/p>\n<p><strong>8.8 Reproductive System:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/male-reproductive-system\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Male<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/female-reproductive-system\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">female reproductive organs<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/menstrual-cycle\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ovarian &amp; menstrual cycle<\/a>. (3 teaching hours)<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"unit-9-%e2%80%93-human-population-and-health-disorders-6-teaching-hours\"><\/span><strong>Unit 9 &#8211; Human Population and Health Disorders <\/strong><strong>(6 teaching hours)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>9.1 Human Population:<\/strong> Growth problem and control strategies, Concept of demographic cycle. (2 teaching hours)<\/p>\n<p><strong>9.2 Health disorders:<\/strong> Concept of cardiovascular, respiratory &amp; renal disorders; Substance abuse: Drug, alcohol and smoking abuse. (4 teaching hours)<\/p>\n<p><strong>9.2 Animal behavior: <\/strong>Reflex action, taxes, dominance and leadership. Fish and bird Migration. (4 teaching hours)<\/p>\n<p><strong>9.3 Environmental Pollution: <\/strong>Sources, effects and control measures of air, water and soil pollution. Pesticides &amp; their effects. (3 teaching hours)<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"unit-10-%e2%80%93-applied-biology-16-teaching-hours\"><\/span><strong>Unit 10 &#8211; Applied Biology <\/strong><strong>(16 teaching hours)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>10.1 Application of Zoology:<\/strong> Tissue and organs transplantation, in-vitro fertilization (IVF), amniocentesis, concept of genetically modified organisms (transgenic animals). Poultry farming and fish farming. (6 teaching hours)<\/p>\n<p><strong>10.2 Microbial diseases and application of microbiology:<\/strong> Risk and hazard group of microorganisms. Introduction, causative agents, symptoms, prevention and control measures of selected human diseases: Typhoid, Tuberculosis and HIV infection, cholera, influenza, hepatitis, candidiasis. <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/what-is-immunology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Basic concepts of immunology<\/a>\u2013<a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/vaccines-introduction-and-types\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">vaccines<\/a>. Application of microorganisms in dairy and beverage industries, microbial contamination of water, sewage and drinking water treatment, bio-control agents and bio-fertilizers. (10 teaching hours)<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"class-12-botany-practical\"><\/span>Class 12 Botany Practical<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"unit-1-plant-anatomy\"><\/span>Unit 1: Plant Anatomy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>1. Preparation and study of T.S. of dicot and monocot roots and stems (primary).<br \/>\n2. Prepare a temporary mount of onion root tip to study mitosis.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"unit-2-plant-physiology\"><\/span>Unit 2: Plant Physiology<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>3. Study of osmosis by potato osmometer.<br \/>\n4. Study of plasmolysis in epidermal peels (e.g. Rhoeo leaves)<br \/>\n5. Study of distribution of stomata in the upper and lower surface of leaves.<br \/>\n6. Comparative study of the rates of transpiration in the upper and lower surface of leaves.<br \/>\n7. Study the rate of respiration in flower buds\/leaf tissue and germinating seeds.<br \/>\n8. Observation and comments on the experimental set up for showing:<br \/>\na. Anaerobic respiration<br \/>\nb. Phototropism<br \/>\nc. Apical bud removal<br \/>\nd. Suction due to transpiration<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"unit-3-genetics\"><\/span>Unit 3: Genetics<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>9. Study, Observe and Comments upon the Mendelian Inheritance suing seeds of different colours\/sizes of any plants.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"unit-4-embryology\"><\/span>Unit 4: Embryology<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>10. Study of imbibition in seeds\/raisins.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"unit-5-biotechnology\"><\/span>Unit 5: Biotechnology<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>11. Preparation of bio-fertilizer and analyze the significances.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"class-12-zoology-practical\"><\/span>Class 12 Zoology Practical<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"unit-6-animal-tissues\"><\/span>Unit 6: Animal Tissues<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>12. Study of tissues and diversity in shapes and sizes of animal cells (e.g. squamous epithelium, muscle fibers and mammalian blood smear) through temporary\/permanent slides.<br \/>\n13. Study of mitosis in animal&#8217;s cells (grasshopper) from permanent slides.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"unit-7-developmental-biology\"><\/span>Unit 7: Developmental Biology<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>14. Study of permanent slides of different developmental stages (fertilized egg, cleavage, blastula and gastrula) of frog.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"unit-8-human-biology\"><\/span>Unit 8: Human Biology<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>15. Detect the presence of starch in the given sample.<br \/>\n16. Detect the presence of protein in the given sample.<br \/>\n17. Study the effect of the different temperatures and pH on the activity of salivary amylase on starch.<br \/>\n18. Detect the presence of urea, sugar, albumin and bile salts in urine<br \/>\n19. Detect the presence of sugar in human blood.<br \/>\n20. Study of Human skeleton and different types of joints.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"unit-9-human-population-and-health-disorders\"><\/span>Unit 9: Human Population and Health Disorders<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>21. Study of human skeleton and different types of joints.<br \/>\n22. Study of external morphology of cockroach through models.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"sample-project-works-for-grade-12-in-biology\"><\/span>Sample project works for grade 12 in Biology<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"botany\"><\/span>Botany<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>1. Prepare a report on the topic &#8220;significances of the biology and biology education with different sectors i.e. industrial development, medicine, bio-technology, agriculture etc&#8221;.<br \/>\n2. Prepare a report on &#8220;recent development of genetic field and their implications in human life&#8221;<br \/>\n3. Prepare model of DNA and RNA<br \/>\n4. Visit the human beings and observe the dominant and recessive characteristics of human beings and prepare a report on it.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"zoology\"><\/span>Zoology<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>5. Measure the blood pressure (BP) of human bodies and predict the trends of age wise BP.<br \/>\n6. Visit the poultry farming or fish farming in local area and prepare a report by including the place, farming method, marketing etc.<br \/>\n7. Conduct the survey on common communicable diseases prevailing in local area. Prepare a report by including the disease, causes, preventing measures.<br \/>\n8. Prepare a report on trends, causes and consequences of migration in local level.<br \/>\n9. Prepare functional models of different system of human body.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Note:<\/strong> The above are only the specimens of activities. In order to arouse creativity, the students must be encouraged to take up new activities (other than mentioned above) in consultation with the teacher concerned.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"reference-and-source\"><\/span>Reference and Source<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Secondary Education Curriculum, Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Government of Nepal.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bio. 302 (Class 12 Biology Syllabus with practical and sample project works) Grade 12 \u2013 Botany (Theory) (64 teaching hours) Unit 1 &#8211; Plant Anatomy (8 teaching hours) 1.1 Plant &#8230; <a title=\"NEB Class 12 Biology (Botany+Zoology) Latest Syllabus (Nepal)\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/class-12-biology-syllabus-nepal\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about NEB Class 12 Biology (Botany+Zoology) Latest Syllabus (Nepal)\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":28747,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6177],"tags":[5403,6331,4775,5405,6332],"custom":{"td_video":"","featured_image":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Class-12-Biology-Botany-Zoology-Syllabus-2020-Nepal.jpeg","author":{"name":"Sagar Aryal","avatar":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/862472ea06500d4318f1ad82addb608e?s=96&d=mm&r=g"},"categories":[{"term_id":6177,"name":"Syllabus","slug":"syllabus","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":6177,"taxonomy":"category","description":"Here you can find the syllabus of Biology and Microbiology subjects from different colleges and universities worldwide.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>A-Level Biology Syllabus<\/li>\r\n \t<li>AP Biology Syllabus<\/li>\r\n \t<li>International Baccalaureate (IB) Biology Syllabus<\/li>\r\n \t<li>VCE Biology Study Design and Syllabus<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Biology Syllabus of National Curriculum England<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Ontario Biology Curriculum<\/li>\r\n \t<li>High School, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. Syllabus of different universities<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","parent":0,"count":18,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":6177,"category_count":18,"category_description":"Here you can find the syllabus of Biology and Microbiology subjects from different colleges and universities worldwide.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>A-Level Biology Syllabus<\/li>\r\n \t<li>AP Biology Syllabus<\/li>\r\n \t<li>International Baccalaureate (IB) Biology Syllabus<\/li>\r\n \t<li>VCE Biology Study Design and Syllabus<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Biology Syllabus of National Curriculum England<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Ontario Biology Curriculum<\/li>\r\n \t<li>High School, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. Syllabus of different universities<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","cat_name":"Syllabus","category_nicename":"syllabus","category_parent":0}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41211"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=41211"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41211\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28747"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=41211"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=41211"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=41211"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}