{"id":41171,"date":"2023-08-03T14:58:41","date_gmt":"2023-08-03T09:13:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/actin-vs-myosin\/"},"modified":"2023-08-03T14:58:41","modified_gmt":"2023-08-03T09:13:41","slug":"actin-vs-myosin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/actin-vs-myosin\/","title":{"rendered":"Actin vs Myosin: Definition, 14 Major Differences, Examples"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_29082\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-29082\" style=\"width: 890px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29082 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/differences-between-Actin-and-Myosin-Actin-vs-Myosin.jpeg\" alt=\"differences between Actin and Myosin (Actin vs Myosin)\" width=\"900\" height=\"472\" srcset=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/differences-between-Actin-and-Myosin-Actin-vs-Myosin.jpeg 900w, https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/differences-between-Actin-and-Myosin-Actin-vs-Myosin-300x157.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/differences-between-Actin-and-Myosin-Actin-vs-Myosin-768x403.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-29082\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image created using biorender.com<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_65 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0a0a0a;color:#0a0a0a\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0a0a0a;color:#0a0a0a\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/actin-vs-myosin\/#actin-definition\" title=\"Actin Definition\">Actin Definition<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/actin-vs-myosin\/#myosin-definition\" title=\"Myosin Definition\">Myosin Definition<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/actin-vs-myosin\/#key-differences-actin-vs-myosin\" title=\"Key differences (Actin vs Myosin)\">Key differences (Actin vs Myosin)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/actin-vs-myosin\/#basis-for-comparison\" title=\"Basis for comparison\">Basis for comparison<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/actin-vs-myosin\/#actin\" title=\"Actin\">Actin<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/actin-vs-myosin\/#myosin\" title=\"Myosin\">Myosin<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/actin-vs-myosin\/#examples-of-actin\" title=\"Examples of Actin\">Examples of Actin<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/actin-vs-myosin\/#microfilaments\" title=\"Microfilaments\">Microfilaments<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/actin-vs-myosin\/#examples-of-myosin\" title=\"Examples of Myosin\">Examples of Myosin<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/actin-vs-myosin\/#myosin-in-stereocilia\" title=\"Myosin in stereocilia\">Myosin in stereocilia<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/actin-vs-myosin\/#references\" title=\"References\">References<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/actin-vs-myosin\/#sources\" title=\"Sources\">Sources<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"actin-definition\"><\/span><strong>Actin Definition<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Actin is a group of globular proteins that are the most abundant proteins in most eukaryotic cells and help in providing shape, structure, and mobility to the body.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Actin is present in all eukaryotes except for the nematode sperm.<\/li>\n<li>The actin proteins are highly conserved and participate in more protein-protein interactions than any known protein.<\/li>\n<li>Actin is different from other proteins in their ability to transition between two states; monomeric (G-actin) and filamentous (F-actin) state.<\/li>\n<li>The transition is possible under the control of nucleotide hydrolysis, ions, and a large number of actin-binding proteins.<\/li>\n<li>Actin is the monomeric unit of two different cytoskeleton filaments; microfilaments and contractile apparatus.<\/li>\n<li>Actin proteins play essential roles in cell division, cell motility, and cell signaling.<\/li>\n<li>Cell\u2019s ability to form an intensive network of microfilaments allows the cell to remodel itself in response to environmental stimuli like increasing cell adhesion to form tissues.<\/li>\n<li>Vertebrates express three main actin isoforms, including three \u03b1-isoforms of skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles, and the \u03b2- and \u03b3-isoforms are expressed in nonmuscle and muscle cells.<\/li>\n<li>Actin filaments in the muscles are short in length ranging from 2-2.6 \u00b5m and thin with a diameter of about 0.005 \u00b5m.<\/li>\n<li>The actin filaments in muscles are separated by actin-binding proteins, \u03b1-actinin that binds two actin filaments while leaving space for myosin. The \u03b1-actin is the significant component of the contractile apparatus of muscles.<\/li>\n<li>Each actin filament in a muscle fiber is composed of two strands of actin protein.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"myosin-definition\"><\/span><strong>Myosin Definition<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Myosin is a superfamily of motor proteins that, together with actin proteins, form the basis for the contraction of muscle fibers.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Myosin is termed a motor protein as it is a type of enzyme that converts chemical energy into mechanical energy.<\/li>\n<li>Myosin is an ATPase that moves along actin filaments by connecting the\u00a0hydrolysis of ATP to conformational changes.<\/li>\n<li>All myosins are composed of one or two heavy chains and several light chains.<\/li>\n<li>Genomic analysis has revealed 13 different myosins.<\/li>\n<li>All consist of a highly conserved head domain, which is\u00a0actin activated\u00a0ATPase\u00a0responsible for generating movement; a neck domain, which is associated with several regulatory light-chain subunits; and an effector tail domain, which is characteristic to each type of\u00a0myosin\u00a0and is responsible for its specific functions in cells.<\/li>\n<li>Myosin filaments are longer in size of about 4-5 \u00b5m and are also thicker with a diameter of 0.01 \u00b5m.<\/li>\n<li>Myosin in muscle is Myosin II that is a polymeric molecule with a long rod-like tail\u00a0domain, assembled into thick bipolar filaments.<\/li>\n<li>In the presence of ATP, the dimeric head\u00a0domain of\u00a0myosin\u00a0II alone can generate movement.<\/li>\n<li>Myosins have functions other than muscle contraction depending on the type of myosin and the organism.<\/li>\n<li>The structure and function of myosin are conserved across various species with the myosin of mammals compatible with the actin of unicellular organisms.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"key-differences-actin-vs-myosin\"><\/span><strong>Key differences (Actin vs Myosin)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<table style=\"width: 84.7134%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 24.1539%; text-align: left;\" width=\"189\">\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"basis-for-comparison\"><\/span><strong>Basis for comparison<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 30.3252%; text-align: left;\" width=\"191\">\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"actin\"><\/span><strong>Actin<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 30.1261%; text-align: left;\" width=\"186\">\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"myosin\"><\/span><strong>Myosin<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 24.1539%;\" width=\"189\"><strong>Definition<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 30.3252%;\" width=\"191\">Actin is a group of globular proteins that are the most abundant proteins in most eukaryotic cells and help in providing shape, structure, and mobility to the body.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 30.1261%;\" width=\"186\">Myosin is a family of motor proteins that, together with actin proteins, form the basis for the contraction of muscle fibers.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 24.1539%;\" width=\"189\"><strong>Found in<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 30.3252%;\" width=\"191\">Actin proteins are found in both A and I bands of the sarcomere.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 30.1261%;\" width=\"186\">Myosin proteins are found only in the A bands of the sarcomere.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 24.1539%;\" width=\"189\"><strong>Size<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 30.3252%;\" width=\"191\">These are shorter (2-2.6 \u00b5m in length) and thinner (0.005 \u00b5m in diameter).<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 30.1261%;\" width=\"186\">These are longer (4-5 \u00b5m in length) and thicker (0.01 \u00b5m in diameter).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 24.1539%;\" width=\"189\"><strong>Nature<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 30.3252%;\" width=\"191\">Actin proteins are globular proteins.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 30.1261%;\" width=\"186\">Myosin proteins are motor proteins.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 24.1539%;\" width=\"189\"><strong>Molecular weight<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 30.3252%;\" width=\"191\">The molecular weight of the actin proteins is relatively less.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 30.1261%;\" width=\"186\">The molecular weight of myosin proteins is relatively more.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 24.1539%;\" width=\"189\"><strong>Abundance in muscle cells<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 30.3252%;\" width=\"191\">Actin filaments are more abundant than myosin.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 30.1261%;\" width=\"186\">Myosin is less abundant compared to actin. There is one myosin for each actin filament.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 24.1539%;\" width=\"189\"><strong>Surface<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 30.3252%;\" width=\"191\">The surface of the actin is smooth.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 30.1261%;\" width=\"186\">The surface of the myosin is rough.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 24.1539%;\" width=\"189\"><strong>Proteins in filaments<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 30.3252%;\" width=\"191\">Actin filaments are composed of actin, tropomyosin, and troponin proteins.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 30.1261%;\" width=\"186\">Myosin filaments are composed of myosin and meromyosin proteins.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 24.1539%;\" width=\"189\"><strong>Cross bridges<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 30.3252%;\" width=\"191\">No cross-bridges are present in actin filaments.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 30.1261%;\" width=\"186\">Myosin form cross-bridges.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 24.1539%;\" width=\"189\"><strong>Association with ATP<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 30.3252%;\" width=\"191\">Actin is not associated with ATP molecules.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 30.1261%;\" width=\"186\">Myosin remains associated with ATP molecules.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 24.1539%;\" width=\"189\"><strong>End<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 30.3252%;\" width=\"191\">One end of the actin filament is free while the other is bound to Z lines.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 30.1261%;\" width=\"186\">Both the ends of myosin filaments are free. The head domain of myosin, however, remains in association with ATP.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 24.1539%;\" width=\"189\"><strong>Sliding<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 30.3252%;\" width=\"191\">Actin filaments slide into the H zone during contraction.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 30.1261%;\" width=\"186\">Myosin filaments do not slide into the H zone during contraction.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 24.1539%;\" width=\"189\"><strong>Location<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 30.3252%;\" width=\"191\">Actin is present in muscle fibers, microfilaments, cell membrane, and cell wall.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 30.1261%;\" width=\"186\">Myosin is primarily found in muscle cells.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 24.1539%;\" width=\"189\"><strong>Muscle contraction<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 30.3252%;\" width=\"191\">Actin interacts with myosin to support muscle contraction.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 30.1261%;\" width=\"186\">Myosin initiates muscle contraction by generating a force by binding to the ATP molecule.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"examples-of-actin\"><\/span><strong>Examples of Actin<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"microfilaments\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/microfilaments-structure-and-functions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Microfilaments<\/strong><\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Microfilaments in cells, also termed, actin filaments, are proteins that form a part of the cytoskeleton.<\/li>\n<li>These are polymers of actin proteins that interact with other proteins in the cell.<\/li>\n<li>Microfilaments are about 7 nm in diameters and each of the filaments is made up of two strands of actin.<\/li>\n<li>Microfilaments perform a number of functions ranging from cytokinesis, changing the shape of the cell to cell motility.<\/li>\n<li>Additionally, actin structures are also present adjacent to the plasma membrane forming a structure that is modified according to the function of the cell, like the middle piece of mammalian sperm.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"examples-of-myosin\"><\/span><strong>Examples of Myosin<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"myosin-in-stereocilia\"><\/span><strong>Myosin in stereocilia<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Myosin III proteins are located at the tip of the stereocilia in the inner ear.<\/li>\n<li>The stereocilia are about 10-15 \u00b5m in length and are similar in structure with the microvilli of the intestinal tract.<\/li>\n<li>These stereocilia are mechanosensing organelles that respond to the fluid motion in the ear, performing the functions of hearing and balancing.<\/li>\n<li>It forms a complex with the PDZ domain-containing protein which, together with actin proteins, assists the response of the stereocilia to sound waves.<\/li>\n<li>The myosin allows the stereocilia to adjust to the change in sound waves and fluid motion by moving the cilia.<\/li>\n<li>Besides, genes coding for the myosin proteins were also found in some other parts of the ear like the cochlea.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"references\"><\/span><strong>References<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Dominguez, R., &amp; Holmes, K. C. (2011). Actin structure and function.\u00a0<em>Annual review of biophysics<\/em>,\u00a0<em>40<\/em>, 169\u2013186. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-biophys-042910-155359\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-biophys-042910-155359<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Lodish H, Berk A, Zipursky SL, et al. Molecular Cell Biology. 4th edition. New York: W. H. Freeman; 2000. Section 18.3, Myosin: The Actin Motor Protein.Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK21724\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK21724\/<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"sources\"><\/span>Sources<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">4% &#8211; https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/br.fcgi?book=mcb&amp;part=A5176<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">2% &#8211; https:\/\/www.annualreviews.org\/doi\/full\/10.1146\/annurev-biophys-042910-155359<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">2% &#8211; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Microfilament<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.wisegeek.com\/what-are-myosin-heavy-chains.htm<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4022326\/<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.annualreviews.org\/doi\/10.1146\/annurev-biophys-042910-155359<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">1% &#8211; https:\/\/quizlet.com\/37312016\/physiology-muscles-flash-cards\/<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">1% &#8211; https:\/\/quizlet.com\/29664307\/muscle-flash-cards\/<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">1% &#8211; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Motor_protein<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">1% &#8211; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Actin<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">1% &#8211; http:\/\/www.differencebetween.net\/science\/difference-between-cilia-and-stereocilia\/<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/neuroscience\/actin-filament<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Agnieszka_Rzadzinska\/publication\/26831330_MyosinVIIa_Interacts_with_Twinfilin-2_at_the_Tips_of_Mechanosensory_Stereocilia_in_the_Inner_Ear\/links\/09e4150fd4961ca370000000.pdf?origin=publication_list<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/study.com\/academy\/lesson\/actin-filaments-function-structure-quiz.html<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Actin Definition Actin is a group of globular proteins that are the most abundant proteins in most eukaryotic cells and help in providing shape, structure, and mobility to the body. &#8230; <a title=\"Actin vs Myosin: Definition, 14 Major Differences, Examples\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/actin-vs-myosin\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Actin vs Myosin: Definition, 14 Major Differences, Examples\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":29082,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6189,1025],"tags":[5414,5416,5417,5415],"custom":{"td_video":"","featured_image":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/differences-between-Actin-and-Myosin-Actin-vs-Myosin.jpeg","author":{"name":"Anupama Sapkota","avatar":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0e9c86afc1670c49efeb260138ec905b?s=96&d=mm&r=g"},"categories":[{"term_id":6189,"name":"Biology","slug":"biology","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":6189,"taxonomy":"category","description":"<strong>Biology is a vast discipline that deals with the study of living beings and their vital processes, that deal with the physicochemical aspects of life.<\/strong>\r\n\r\nBiology is a natural science that utilizes different structural and functional concepts for the differentiation of living beings from non-living beings.\r\nAt present times, as a result of cross-disciplinary research, other disciplines like chemistry, physics, computer science, and medicine have been integrated with biology, resulting in areas like biochemistry, biophysics, biomedicine, and bioinformatics.\r\nBiology is further divided into separate branches for the convenience of study, even though all of these branches are interrelated to one another.\r\nBiology is separated into botany (the study of plants) and zoology (the study of animals), morphology (structure), and physiology (function).\r\nLiving beings have been divided into different kingdoms, phylum, classes, orders, and genus to make the identification and studies related to different organisms more feasible.\r\nTraditionally, biology was only associated with the structure and function of living beings.\r\nWith time, however, biology deals with the fundamental levels of life, resulting in a separate discipline termed, molecular biology.\r\nBiology has now been developed into modern biology which is based on certain foundations like cell theory, evolution, genetics, homeostasis, and chemical energy.\r\nBiology defines cell as the fundamental unit of life, which is common in all living beings, microscopic, and macroscopic.\r\nBesides, other concepts like evolution and genomics further help in understanding the origin, evolution, and relationship among living beings.\r\nGenetics is another component of biology that helps in the differentiation of living beings based on their genomic composition.\r\nHomeostasis is another crucial unit of biology which suggests that all living organisms maintain a constant internal environment.\r\nNon-living parts of the world like the air, water, and soil have been closely related to the living world, which creates a close relationship between biology and the environment.\r\n\r\n<strong>Developmental biology is a branch of natural science that studies various interactions involved in the formation of the heterogeneous shape, structure, and size of different organisms that occur during the development of an embryo into an adult.<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>In short, developmental biology is a discipline that deals with the processes involved in the development of a multicellular organism as controlled by genetic information.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Developmental biology studies the mechanisms of development, differentiation, and growth in plants and animals at the cellular, molecular, genetic, and evolutionary levels.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Different forms of reproduction like sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction, metamorphosis, and germination of seeds and embryos are essential aspects of developmental biology.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Developmental biology is a fast-growing discipline that is interrelated with a vast array of disciplines like molecular biology, anatomy, cancer biology, immunology, ecology, evolutionary biology, cell biology, and physiology.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Studies done in developmental biology have provided information on the molecular genetics of development, growth factors, oncogenes, the evolution of developmental control, mechanisms of differentiation, gametogenesis, fertilization, and control of gene expression.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Other areas of emphasis in developmental biology include transcriptional control, cell-cell interactions, regulatory hierarchies, signal transduction, etc.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The development of developmental biology as an important discipline is due to its applications in different areas.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The results of the research are used in fertility clinics where the information is used for artificial insemination, test-tube culture, and to treat other infertility issues.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Tissue engineering is another essential technique that utilizes concepts of developmental biology to grow replacement tissues in plastic dishes and to control the formation of cancer cells.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Reactivation of stem cells to grow replacement tissues is also by virtue of accomplishments made in developmental biology.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>In agriculture, techniques developed for selective breeding by optimizing root systems, plant size, and flowering time has allowed for a better and increased harvest.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>Cancer biology is a branch of biology that studies the complex expression of genes, proteins, and biological processes that initiated the development and growth of\u00a0cancers.<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Understanding the many different biological systems underlying cancer\u2019s development is essential for understanding cancer and identifying new targets for treatment.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Most of the researches in cancer biology are concerned with genomic conservation; in particular, how the genetic composition of cell ensure that no errors occur during processes like copying the genome or repairing it after damage.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The genetic conservation also ensures that a complete copy of the genome is inherited by each daughter cell.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Cancer results when one or all of these processes go wrong, which leads to inconsistency in cancer cells that can successfully be exploited for treatment.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Another critical aspect of cancer biology is studies related to protein function and interactions on a systems-wide scale to identify how signaling pathways are restructured in cancer cells, and how this affects cell behavior, cell shape, and cell metabolism.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Cancer cells are transformed cells after acquiring a series of changes that permit them to form tumors, which behave differently depending on the genetic changes that result in this transformation.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The hallmarks of cancer cells include signs like self-sufficiency in growth signals, evasion of programmed cell death, insensitivity to growth-inhibitory signals, limitless replicative potential, sustained angiogenesis, and tissue invasion.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Cancer biology is a vast branch that studies the process of carcinogenesis, mutations, carcinogens, and cellular changes.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The role of cancer biology in the perioperative period is of increasing interest as it provides evidence regarding fundamental principles of cancer biology, especially tumor microenvironment, and discusses new therapeutic opportunities.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Different researches in cancer biology help in the identification of cancer symptoms and the formation of malignant tumors of different cells found in living beings.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>These researches also enable the differentiation between normal cells and cancer cells which assists in the early diagnosis of cancer.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","parent":0,"count":195,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":6189,"category_count":195,"category_description":"<strong>Biology is a vast discipline that deals with the study of living beings and their vital processes, that deal with the physicochemical aspects of life.<\/strong>\r\n\r\nBiology is a natural science that utilizes different structural and functional concepts for the differentiation of living beings from non-living beings.\r\nAt present times, as a result of cross-disciplinary research, other disciplines like chemistry, physics, computer science, and medicine have been integrated with biology, resulting in areas like biochemistry, biophysics, biomedicine, and bioinformatics.\r\nBiology is further divided into separate branches for the convenience of study, even though all of these branches are interrelated to one another.\r\nBiology is separated into botany (the study of plants) and zoology (the study of animals), morphology (structure), and physiology (function).\r\nLiving beings have been divided into different kingdoms, phylum, classes, orders, and genus to make the identification and studies related to different organisms more feasible.\r\nTraditionally, biology was only associated with the structure and function of living beings.\r\nWith time, however, biology deals with the fundamental levels of life, resulting in a separate discipline termed, molecular biology.\r\nBiology has now been developed into modern biology which is based on certain foundations like cell theory, evolution, genetics, homeostasis, and chemical energy.\r\nBiology defines cell as the fundamental unit of life, which is common in all living beings, microscopic, and macroscopic.\r\nBesides, other concepts like evolution and genomics further help in understanding the origin, evolution, and relationship among living beings.\r\nGenetics is another component of biology that helps in the differentiation of living beings based on their genomic composition.\r\nHomeostasis is another crucial unit of biology which suggests that all living organisms maintain a constant internal environment.\r\nNon-living parts of the world like the air, water, and soil have been closely related to the living world, which creates a close relationship between biology and the environment.\r\n\r\n<strong>Developmental biology is a branch of natural science that studies various interactions involved in the formation of the heterogeneous shape, structure, and size of different organisms that occur during the development of an embryo into an adult.<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>In short, developmental biology is a discipline that deals with the processes involved in the development of a multicellular organism as controlled by genetic information.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Developmental biology studies the mechanisms of development, differentiation, and growth in plants and animals at the cellular, molecular, genetic, and evolutionary levels.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Different forms of reproduction like sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction, metamorphosis, and germination of seeds and embryos are essential aspects of developmental biology.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Developmental biology is a fast-growing discipline that is interrelated with a vast array of disciplines like molecular biology, anatomy, cancer biology, immunology, ecology, evolutionary biology, cell biology, and physiology.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Studies done in developmental biology have provided information on the molecular genetics of development, growth factors, oncogenes, the evolution of developmental control, mechanisms of differentiation, gametogenesis, fertilization, and control of gene expression.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Other areas of emphasis in developmental biology include transcriptional control, cell-cell interactions, regulatory hierarchies, signal transduction, etc.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The development of developmental biology as an important discipline is due to its applications in different areas.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The results of the research are used in fertility clinics where the information is used for artificial insemination, test-tube culture, and to treat other infertility issues.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Tissue engineering is another essential technique that utilizes concepts of developmental biology to grow replacement tissues in plastic dishes and to control the formation of cancer cells.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Reactivation of stem cells to grow replacement tissues is also by virtue of accomplishments made in developmental biology.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>In agriculture, techniques developed for selective breeding by optimizing root systems, plant size, and flowering time has allowed for a better and increased harvest.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>Cancer biology is a branch of biology that studies the complex expression of genes, proteins, and biological processes that initiated the development and growth of\u00a0cancers.<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Understanding the many different biological systems underlying cancer\u2019s development is essential for understanding cancer and identifying new targets for treatment.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Most of the researches in cancer biology are concerned with genomic conservation; in particular, how the genetic composition of cell ensure that no errors occur during processes like copying the genome or repairing it after damage.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The genetic conservation also ensures that a complete copy of the genome is inherited by each daughter cell.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Cancer results when one or all of these processes go wrong, which leads to inconsistency in cancer cells that can successfully be exploited for treatment.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Another critical aspect of cancer biology is studies related to protein function and interactions on a systems-wide scale to identify how signaling pathways are restructured in cancer cells, and how this affects cell behavior, cell shape, and cell metabolism.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Cancer cells are transformed cells after acquiring a series of changes that permit them to form tumors, which behave differently depending on the genetic changes that result in this transformation.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The hallmarks of cancer cells include signs like self-sufficiency in growth signals, evasion of programmed cell death, insensitivity to growth-inhibitory signals, limitless replicative potential, sustained angiogenesis, and tissue invasion.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Cancer biology is a vast branch that studies the process of carcinogenesis, mutations, carcinogens, and cellular changes.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The role of cancer biology in the perioperative period is of increasing interest as it provides evidence regarding fundamental principles of cancer biology, especially tumor microenvironment, and discusses new therapeutic opportunities.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Different researches in cancer biology help in the identification of cancer symptoms and the formation of malignant tumors of different cells found in living beings.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>These researches also enable the differentiation between normal cells and cancer cells which assists in the early diagnosis of cancer.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","cat_name":"Biology","category_nicename":"biology","category_parent":0},{"term_id":1025,"name":"Difference 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Notes on Difference Between. Online Difference Between related notes. Difference Between Notes for undergraduate and graduate students with diagrams.","parent":0,"count":89,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":1025,"category_count":89,"category_description":"Difference Between Notes. Notes on Difference Between. Online Difference Between related notes. Difference Between Notes for undergraduate and graduate students with diagrams.","cat_name":"Difference Between","category_nicename":"difference-between","category_parent":0}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41171"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=41171"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41171\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29082"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=41171"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=41171"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=41171"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}