{"id":40932,"date":"2023-08-03T14:56:06","date_gmt":"2023-08-03T09:11:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/endemic-diseases\/"},"modified":"2023-08-03T14:56:06","modified_gmt":"2023-08-03T09:11:06","slug":"endemic-diseases","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/endemic-diseases\/","title":{"rendered":"Endemic Diseases- Definition, Types, Examples, Control"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Communicable diseases are termed endemic when they have a relatively stable pattern of occurrence in a given geographical area or population group at the relatively high prevalence and incidence.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">It refers to the constant presence of a disease or infectious agent within a given geographic area or population group, without importation from outside.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">It may also refer to the &#8220;usual&#8221; or expected frequency of the disease within such area or population group.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">For instance, the common cold is endemic because somebody always has one.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">An endemic disease when conditions are favorable may burst into an epidemic (e.g., hepatitis A, typhoid fever). If conditions change in the host, the agent or the environment, an endemic disease does so.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">For example, improved smallpox control in Europe was reversed during the First World War.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">As new control or preventive measures are applied, the endemic status of the disease may change.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Endemic diseases such as malaria are among the major health problems in low-income tropical countries.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The HIV epidemic is an example of an infectious disease that has become endemic in many areas, while in other areas it still causes epidemics in previously unexposed populations.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Endemic-Diseases-Definition-Types-Examples-Control.jpg\" alt=\"Endemic Diseases- Definition, Types, Examples, Control\" class=\"wp-image-29326\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Image Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Theodore_Knight-Jones\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Theodore J D Knight-Jones<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_65 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0a0a0a;color:#0a0a0a\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0a0a0a;color:#0a0a0a\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/endemic-diseases\/#epidemics-vs-endemics\" title=\"Epidemics Vs Endemics\">Epidemics Vs Endemics<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/endemic-diseases\/#hyperendemic-disease-and-hypoendemic-disease\" title=\"Hyperendemic Disease and Hypoendemic Disease\">Hyperendemic Disease and Hypoendemic Disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/endemic-diseases\/#examples-of-endemic-diseases\" title=\"Examples of Endemic Diseases\">Examples of Endemic Diseases<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/endemic-diseases\/#control-of-endemic-diseases\" title=\"Control of Endemic Diseases\">Control of Endemic Diseases<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/endemic-diseases\/#references\" title=\"References\">References<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"epidemics-vs-endemics\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Epidemics Vs Endemics<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Epidemic disease is the sudden outbreak of the disease in a particular area.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Endemic is the persistence of a particular disease within a geographical region.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Endemic diseases are relatively rare and not as widespread as an epidemic.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">It is always prevalent in the population that lives in that area.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"hyperendemic-disease-and-hypoendemic-disease\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Hyperendemic Disease and Hypoendemic Disease<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The term &#8220;hyperendemic&#8221; expresses that the disease is constantly present at a high incidence and\/or prevalence rate and affects all age groups equally.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The term &#8220;holoendemic&#8221; a high level of infection beginning early in life and affecting most of the child population, leading to a state of equilibrium such that the adult population shows evidence of the disease much less commonly than do the children, as in the case of malaria.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"examples-of-endemic-diseases\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Examples of Endemic Diseases<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Chagas Disease<\/strong><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">About 7.6 million people are infected with Chagas disease. It is caused by a protozoan parasite, <em>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/em>. This disease is endemic to Mexico, South, and Central America. Chagas disease is divided into acute phase, asymptomatic intermediate phase, and the chronic phase.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Malaria<\/strong><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Malaria is an endemic disease prevalent in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East. It is transmitted by a protozoan parasite from the Plasmodium genus. They destroy the red blood cells in the spleen and liver. This causes anemia in the patients and can prove fatal if left untreated. According to recent research, 200 to 500 million people suffer from malaria every year out of which 1.5 to 2.7 million do not survive.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>African Sleeping Sickness <\/strong><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">This disease is caused by a protozoan parasite belonging to two different species of the Trypanosoma genus. This disease is prevalent in Sub-Saharan Africa. It causes fever, joint pain, sweating, and headaches. Slowly the parasite invades the central nervous system and causes a disturbance in the sleep cycle, poor coordination, and confusion. Endemic diseases are often confused with epidemic diseases. An epidemic is an outbreak of a disease, however, the endemic disease is the one that is constantly prevalent in a particular geographical area.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"control-of-endemic-diseases\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Control of Endemic Diseases<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">There are various types of methods to control these diseases.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The major agent that is involved in the spread of the disease is traced and the keen control over the agent is always maintained.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Educating the people in the locality regarding the ways to control the disease and about the modes of methods involved in spreading the disease.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Providing proper sanitary methods in all areas which will help to prevent and control the spread of the disease.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"references\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>References<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Park, K. (n.d.).&nbsp;Park&#8217;s textbook of preventive and social medicine.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Beaglehole, Robert,&nbsp;Bonita, Ruth,&nbsp;Kjellstro\u0308m, Tord&nbsp;&amp;&nbsp;World Health Organization.&nbsp;(\u200e1993)\u200e.&nbsp;Basic epidemiology, Updated reprint.&nbsp;World Health Organization.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Gordis, L. (2014).&nbsp;Epidemiology&nbsp;(Fifth edition.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/mesh?term=Endemic+Diseases\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/mesh?term=Endemic+Diseases<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/byjus.com\/biology\/endemic-diseases\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/byjus.com\/biology\/endemic-diseases\/<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/what-is-an-endemic-disease-3132825\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/what-is-an-endemic-disease-3132825<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/commentaries\/2016\/Endemic-infectious-diseases-next-15-years\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/commentaries\/2016\/Endemic-infectious-diseases-next-15-years\/en\/<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/medicine-and-dentistry\/endemic-disease\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/medicine-and-dentistry\/endemic-disease<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.omicsonline.org\/control-of-endemic-diseases-scholarly-open-access-journals.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.omicsonline.org\/control-of-endemic-diseases-scholarly-open-access-journals.php<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/water_sanitation_health\/dwq\/iwachap4.pdf?ua=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/water_sanitation_health\/dwq\/iwachap4.pdf?ua=1<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/endemic-disease\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/endemic-disease<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Communicable diseases are termed endemic when they have a relatively stable pattern of occurrence in a given geographical area or population group at the relatively high prevalence and incidence. It &#8230; <a title=\"Endemic Diseases- Definition, Types, Examples, Control\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/endemic-diseases\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Endemic Diseases- Definition, Types, Examples, Control\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":40931,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6262],"tags":[4866,4865,4860,4859,4858,4867,4864,4861,4862,4863,1761],"custom":{"td_video":"","featured_image":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Endemic-Diseases-Definition-Types-Examples-Control.jpg","author":{"name":"Sagar Aryal","avatar":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/862472ea06500d4318f1ad82addb608e?s=96&d=mm&r=g"},"categories":[{"term_id":6262,"name":"Epidemiology","slug":"epidemiology","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":6262,"taxonomy":"category","description":"<strong>Epidemiology is the discipline that deals with studies related to the determinants, occurrence, and distribution of health and disease in a defined population.<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Epidemiology is a descriptive science and includes the determination of rates, that is, the quantification of disease occurrence within a specific population.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Epidemiology can accurately describe a disease and many factors concerning its occurrence before its cause is identified.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>One goal of epidemiologic studies is to define the parameters of disease, including risk factors, in order to develop the most effective measures for control.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Epidemiology is a data-driven discipline that relies on a systematic and unbiased approach to the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Epidemiology is considered the basic science of public health as\u00a0epidemiology acts as a quantitative science that relies on the knowledge of probability, statistics, and essential research methods.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Besides, epidemiology also acts as a method of reasoning based on hypotheses in the scientific fields like biology, behavioral sciences, physics, and ergonomics to explain health-related behaviors, states, and events.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Thus,\u00a0epidemiology is considered not just a research activity but an integral part of public health, providing the foundation for practical and appropriate public health actions based on data and causal reasoning.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Epidemiology is similar to medicine in many aspects as it utilizes experience, epidemiologic judgment, and understanding of local conditions while diagnosing the health of a community.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The discipline also helps in the proposition of appropriate, practical, and acceptable public health interventions to control and prevent disease in the community.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Epidemiology has now become a standard practice during outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics as it provides an example on how to deal with a new outbreak that might arise due to a different etiological agent.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>As infections are caused by infectious agents like bacteria, viruses, and fungi, epidemiological studies also support other disciplines like bacteriology and clinical medicine.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Besides, the mode of transmission involves environmental factors like air, water, and soil, all of which are imperative in environmental microbiology.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","parent":0,"count":23,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":6262,"category_count":23,"category_description":"<strong>Epidemiology is the discipline that deals with studies related to the determinants, occurrence, and distribution of health and disease in a defined population.<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Epidemiology is a descriptive science and includes the determination of rates, that is, the quantification of disease occurrence within a specific population.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Epidemiology can accurately describe a disease and many factors concerning its occurrence before its cause is identified.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>One goal of epidemiologic studies is to define the parameters of disease, including risk factors, in order to develop the most effective measures for control.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Epidemiology is a data-driven discipline that relies on a systematic and unbiased approach to the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Epidemiology is considered the basic science of public health as\u00a0epidemiology acts as a quantitative science that relies on the knowledge of probability, statistics, and essential research methods.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Besides, epidemiology also acts as a method of reasoning based on hypotheses in the scientific fields like biology, behavioral sciences, physics, and ergonomics to explain health-related behaviors, states, and events.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Thus,\u00a0epidemiology is considered not just a research activity but an integral part of public health, providing the foundation for practical and appropriate public health actions based on data and causal reasoning.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Epidemiology is similar to medicine in many aspects as it utilizes experience, epidemiologic judgment, and understanding of local conditions while diagnosing the health of a community.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The discipline also helps in the proposition of appropriate, practical, and acceptable public health interventions to control and prevent disease in the community.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Epidemiology has now become a standard practice during outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics as it provides an example on how to deal with a new outbreak that might arise due to a different etiological agent.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>As infections are caused by infectious agents like bacteria, viruses, and fungi, epidemiological studies also support other disciplines like bacteriology and clinical medicine.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Besides, the mode of transmission involves environmental factors like air, water, and soil, all of which are imperative in environmental microbiology.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","cat_name":"Epidemiology","category_nicename":"epidemiology","category_parent":0}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40932"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40932"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40932\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40931"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40932"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40932"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40932"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}