{"id":30527,"date":"2022-06-01T01:27:06","date_gmt":"2022-05-31T19:42:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/?p=30527"},"modified":"2022-09-05T14:12:34","modified_gmt":"2022-09-05T08:27:34","slug":"laminar-flow-hood","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/laminar-flow-hood\/","title":{"rendered":"Laminar flow hood\/cabinet- Definition, parts, principle, types, uses"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>A Laminar flow hood\/cabinet is an enclosed workstation that is used to create a contamination-free work environment through filters to capture all the particles entering the cabinet.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>These cabinets are designed to protect the work from the environment and are most useful for the aseptic distribution of specific <strong>media<\/strong> and <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/pour-plate-technique-procedure-significance-advantages-limitations\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>plate pouring<\/strong><\/a>.<\/li><li>Laminar flow cabinets are similar to biosafety cabinets with the only difference being that in laminar flow cabinets the effluent air is drawn into the face of the user.<\/li><li>In a biosafety cabinet, both the sample and user are protected while in the laminar flow cabinet, only the sample is protected and not the user.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"472\" src=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Laminar-flow-hood-or-cabinet.jpeg\" alt=\"Laminar flow hood or cabinet\" class=\"wp-image-30529\" srcset=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Laminar-flow-hood-or-cabinet.jpeg 900w, https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Laminar-flow-hood-or-cabinet-300x157.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Laminar-flow-hood-or-cabinet-768x403.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Image Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.laboratory-supply.net\/blog\/horizontal-vs-vertical-laminar-flow-hoods\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Laboratory-supply.net<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/profilab24.com\/en\/laboratory\/laminar-flow-boxes-pcr-workstations-bio-safety-cabinets\/esco-airstream-vertical-laminar-flow-clean-benches-lvg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ProfiLab24<\/a>. Created with Biorender.com.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_65 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0a0a0a;color:#0a0a0a\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0a0a0a;color:#0a0a0a\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/laminar-flow-hood\/#components-parts-of-laminar-flow-hood\" title=\"Components\/ Parts of Laminar flow hood\">Components\/ Parts of Laminar flow hood<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/laminar-flow-hood\/#1-cabinet\" title=\"1. Cabinet\">1. Cabinet<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/laminar-flow-hood\/#2-working-station\" title=\"2. Working station\">2. Working station<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/laminar-flow-hood\/#3-filter-pad-pre-filter\" title=\"3. Filter pad\/ Pre-filter\">3. Filter pad\/ Pre-filter<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/laminar-flow-hood\/#4-fan-blower\" title=\"4. Fan\/ Blower\">4. Fan\/ Blower<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/laminar-flow-hood\/#5-uv-lamp\" title=\"5. UV lamp\">5. UV lamp<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/laminar-flow-hood\/#6-fluorescent-lamp\" title=\"6. Fluorescent lamp\">6. Fluorescent lamp<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/laminar-flow-hood\/#7-hepa-filter\" title=\"7. HEPA filter\">7. HEPA filter<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/laminar-flow-hood\/#principle-working-of-laminar-flow-hood\" title=\"Principle\/ Working of Laminar flow hood\">Principle\/ Working of Laminar flow hood<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/laminar-flow-hood\/#procedure-for-running-the-laminar-flow-cabinet\" title=\"Procedure for running the laminar flow cabinet\">Procedure for running the laminar flow cabinet<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/laminar-flow-hood\/#types-of-laminar-flow-cabinet\" title=\"Types of laminar flow cabinet\">Types of laminar flow cabinet<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/laminar-flow-hood\/#1-vertical-laminar-flow-cabinet\" title=\"1. Vertical laminar flow cabinet\">1. Vertical laminar flow cabinet<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/laminar-flow-hood\/#2-horizontal-laminar-flow-cabinet\" title=\"2. Horizontal laminar flow cabinet\">2. Horizontal laminar flow cabinet<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/laminar-flow-hood\/#uses-of-laminar-flow-hood\" title=\"Uses of Laminar flow hood\">Uses of Laminar flow hood<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/laminar-flow-hood\/#precautions\" title=\"Precautions\">Precautions<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/laminar-flow-hood\/#references-and-sources\" title=\"References and Sources\">References and Sources<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"components-parts-of-laminar-flow-hood\"><\/span><strong>Components\/ Parts of Laminar flow hood<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A laminar flow cabinet consists of the following parts:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1-cabinet\"><\/span><strong>1. Cabinet<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>The cabinet is made up of stainless steel with less or no gaps or joints preventing the collection of spores.<\/li><li>The cabinet provides insulation to the inner environment created inside the laminar flow and protects it from the outside environment.<\/li><li>The front of the cabinet is provided with a glass shield which in some laminar cabinets opens entirely or in some has two openings for the user\u2019s hands to enter the cabinet.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2-working-station\"><\/span><strong>2. Working station<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>A flat working station is present inside the cabinet for all the processes to be taken place.<\/li><li>Culture plates, burner and loops are all placed on the working station where the operation takes place.<\/li><li>The worktop is also made up of stainless steel to prevent rusting.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3-filter-pad-pre-filter\"><\/span><strong>3. Filter pad\/ Pre-filter<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>A filter pad is present on the top of the cabinet through which the air passes into the cabinet.<\/li><li>The filter pad traps dust particles and some microbes from entering the working environment within the cabinet.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4-fan-blower\"><\/span><strong>4. Fan\/ Blower<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>A fan is present below the filter pad that sucks in the air and moves it around in the cabinet.<\/li><li>The fan also allows the movement of air towards the HEPA filter sp that the remaining microbes become trapped while passing through the filter.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5-uv-lamp\"><\/span><strong>5. UV lamp<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Some laminar flow hoods might have a UV germicidal lamp that sterilizes the interior of the cabinet and contents before the operation.<\/li><li>The UV lamp is to be turned on 15 minutes before the operation to prevent the exposure of UV to the body surface of the user.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6-fluorescent-lamp\"><\/span><strong>6. Fluorescent lamp<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Florescent light is placed inside the cabinet to provide proper light during the operation.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7-hepa-filter\"><\/span><strong>7. HEPA filter<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>The High-efficiency particulate air filter is present within the cabinet that makes the environment more sterile for the operation.<\/li><li>The pre-filtered air passes through the filter which traps fungi, bacteria and other dust particles.<\/li><li>The filter ensures a sterile condition inside the cabinet, thus reducing the chances of contamination.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"principle-working-of-laminar-flow-hood\"><\/span><strong>Principle\/ Working of Laminar flow hood<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1548\" height=\"608\" src=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Principle-Working-of-Laminar-flow-hood.jpg\" alt=\"Principle Working of Laminar flow hood\" class=\"wp-image-30528\" srcset=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Principle-Working-of-Laminar-flow-hood.jpg 1548w, https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Principle-Working-of-Laminar-flow-hood-300x118.jpg 300w, https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Principle-Working-of-Laminar-flow-hood-1024x402.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Principle-Working-of-Laminar-flow-hood-768x302.jpg 768w, https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Principle-Working-of-Laminar-flow-hood-1536x603.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1548px) 100vw, 1548px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Image Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.laboratory-supply.net\/blog\/horizontal-vs-vertical-laminar-flow-hoods\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Laboratory-supply.net<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>The principle of laminar flow cabinet is based on the laminar flow of air through the cabinet.<\/li><li>The device works by the use of inwards flow of air through one or more HEPA filters to create a particulate-free environment.<\/li><li>The air is taken through a filtration system and then exhausted across the work surface as a part of the laminar flow of the air.<\/li><li>The air first passes through the filter pad or pre-filter that allows a streamline flow of air into the cabinet.<\/li><li>Next, the blower or fan directs the air towards the HEPA filters.<\/li><li>The HEPA filters then trap the bacteria, fungi and other particulate materials so that the air moving out of it is particulate-free air.<\/li><li>Some of the effluent air then passes through perforation present at the bottom rear end of the cabinet, but most of it passes over the working bench while coming out of the cabinet towards the face of the operator.<\/li><li>The laminar flow hood is enclosed on the sides, and constant positive air pressure is maintained to prevent the intrusion of contaminated external air into the cabinet.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"procedure-for-running-the-laminar-flow-cabinet\"><\/span><strong>Procedure for running the laminar flow cabinet<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The procedure to be followed while operating a laminar flow cabinet is given below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>Before running the laminar flow cabinet, the cabinet should be checked to ensure that nothing susceptible to UV rays is present inside the cabinet.<\/li><li>The glass shield of the hood is then closed, and the UV light is switched on. The UV light should be kept on for about 15 minutes to ensure the surface sterilization of the working bench.<\/li><li>The UV light is then switched off, and a time period of around 10 minutes is spared before the airflow is switched on.<\/li><li>About 5 minutes before the operation begins, the airflow is switched on.<\/li><li>The glass shield is then opened, and the fluorescent light is also switched on during the operation.<\/li><li>To ensure more protection, the working bench of the cabinet can be sterilized with other disinfectants like 70% alcohol.<\/li><li>Once the work is completed, the airflow and florescent lamp both are closed and the glass shield is also closed.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"types-of-laminar-flow-cabinet\"><\/span><strong>Types of laminar flow cabinet<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Depending on the direction of movement of air, laminar flow cabinets are divided into two types:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1-vertical-laminar-flow-cabinet\"><\/span>1. Vertical laminar flow cabinet<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>In the vertical flow cabinets, the air moves from the top of the cabinet directly towards the bottom of the cabinet.<\/li><li>A vertical airflow working bench does not require as much depth and floor space as a horizontal airflow hood which makes it more manageable and decreases the chances of airflow obstruction or movement of contaminated air downstream.<\/li><li>The vertical laminar flow cabinet is also considered safer as it doesn\u2019t blow&nbsp;the air directly towards the person carrying out the experiments.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2-horizontal-laminar-flow-cabinet\"><\/span>2. Horizontal laminar flow cabinet<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>In the horizontal laminar flow cabinets, the surrounding air comes from behind the working bench, which is then projected by the blower towards the HEPA filters.<\/li><li>The filtered air is then exhausted in a horizontal direction to the workplace environment.<\/li><li>One advantage of this cabinet is that airflow parallel to the workplace cleanses the environment with a constant velocity.<\/li><li>The elluent air directly hits the operator, which might reduce the security level of this type of laminar flow cabinets.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"uses-of-laminar-flow-hood\"><\/span><strong>Uses of Laminar flow hood<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The following are some common uses of a laminar flow cabinet in the laboratory:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>Laminar flow cabinets are used in laboratories for contamination sensitive processes like plant tissue culture.<\/li><li>Other laboratories processes like media plate preparation and culture of organisms can be performed inside the cabinet.<\/li><li>Operations of particle sensitive electronic devices are performed inside the cabinet.<\/li><li>In the pharmaceutical industries, drug preparation techniques are also performed inside the cabinet to ensure a particulate-free environment during the operations.<\/li><li>Laminar flow cabinets can be made tailor-made for some specialized works and can also be used for general lab techniques in the microbiological as well as the industrial sectors.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"precautions\"><\/span><strong>Precautions<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>While operating the laminar airflow, the following things should be considered:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>The laminar flow cabinet should be sterilized with the UV light before and after the operation.<\/li><li>The UV light and airflow should not be used at the same time.<\/li><li>No operations should be carried out when the UV light is switched on.<\/li><li>The operator should be dressed in lab coats and long gloves.<\/li><li>The working bench, glass shield, and other components present inside the cabinet should be sterilized before and after the completion of work.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"references-and-sources\"><\/span><strong>References and Sources<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Collins CH, Patricia M, and Lyne JM (1995). Collins and Lynes Microbiological Methods 7th edition. Grange, Butter Worth, Oxford.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">5% &#8211; https:\/\/www.lamsys.com\/products\/vertical_laminar_flow\/<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">2% &#8211; https:\/\/www.laminarflows.co.uk\/<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">1% &#8211; https:\/\/magnaflux.eu\/en\/Resources\/FAQs\/FAQs-UV-Lamps<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">1% &#8211; https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Laminar_flow_cabinet<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.trane.com\/residential\/en\/products\/indoor-air-quality\/cleaneffects\/<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/immunology-and-microbiology\/laminar-flow-cabinet<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.safety.rochester.edu\/ih\/uvlight.html<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.light-sources.com\/solutions\/germicidal-uvc-lamps\/uv-germicidal-lamps\/uv-germicidal-bulb\/<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.labogene.com\/Biological-Safety-Cabinets<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.filtermakers.com.au\/hepa-filter\/<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.diamed.bg\/upl_doc\/Aquaria%20product%20catalog_Laminarni_boksove.pdf<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">&lt;1% &#8211; https:\/\/www.chegg.com\/homework-help\/definitions\/the-path-of-airflow-in-humans-14<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A Laminar flow hood\/cabinet is an enclosed workstation that is used to create a contamination-free work environment through filters to capture all the particles entering the cabinet. These cabinets are &#8230; <a title=\"Laminar flow hood\/cabinet- Definition, parts, principle, types, uses\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/laminar-flow-hood\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Laminar flow hood\/cabinet- Definition, parts, principle, types, uses\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":30529,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1572,2578],"tags":[5637,5638,5636],"custom":{"td_video":"","featured_image":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Laminar-flow-hood-or-cabinet.jpeg","author":{"name":"Anupama Sapkota","avatar":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0e9c86afc1670c49efeb260138ec905b?s=96&d=mm&r=g"},"categories":[{"term_id":1572,"name":"Basic Microbiology","slug":"basic-microbiology","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1572,"taxonomy":"category","description":"<strong>Microbiology is the branch of science that deals with microscopic organisms and their interaction with other microscopic and macroscopic organisms.<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Microorganisms are tiny microscopic organisms that are too small to be seen with naked eyes and thus, can only be seen with a microscope. Microorganisms include microscopic organisms like bacteria, fungi, archaea, protozoa, and viruses.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Basic microscopy deals with a diverse group of studies that help in research related to the biochemistry, physiology, cell biology, ecology, evolution, and clinical aspects of microorganisms, including the host response to these agents.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Microbiology also deals with the structure, function, classification of such organisms, along with exploiting and controlling their activities.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The concept of microbiology began with the discovery of the microscope by Anton Von Leeuwenhoek.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>On the one hand, microbes are used for their unique features which allow the production of antibiotics, amino acids, hormones, and other therapeutic compounds, and also the production of food and food-related products.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Microorganisms are also involved in the decomposition of components such as lignocellulosic biomass for second-generation ethanol or biogas.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Similarly, certain genetic features and biochemical abilities of microorganisms make them dangerous for industry (food spoilage) as well as human health.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Microbiology, initially, was only associated with pathogenic microorganisms that result in different forms of diseases in different groups of living beings.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>With the establishment of microbiology as a discipline, the application of microorganisms in different areas has also increased.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The use of microorganisms in food and pharmaceuticals has given rise to the branching of microbiology into further disciplines and studies.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Thus, over the years, the branch has been classified into further groups like agriculture microbiology, food microbiology, pharmaceutical microbiology, systemic microbiology, etc.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The studies in microbiology have also increased due to the use of microorganisms in different researches as these are easy to manipulate and reproduce when compared to other living organisms.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Studies in microbiology are essential for the discovery of new and advanced methods for the discovery of emerging microorganisms and associated diseases and applications.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Microbiology also deals with techniques for the identification of these microorganisms, their classification, and the life cycle.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>All of this allows for a better understanding of microorganisms and their role in maintaining the ecosystem.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Microbiology and microorganisms can be applied for the formation of new genetically engineered microorganisms by a process like genetic recombination.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Besides, different microorganisms have found their application in the production of food, industrial products, and antibiotics.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","parent":0,"count":60,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":1572,"category_count":60,"category_description":"<strong>Microbiology is the branch of science that deals with microscopic organisms and their interaction with other microscopic and macroscopic organisms.<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Microorganisms are tiny microscopic organisms that are too small to be seen with naked eyes and thus, can only be seen with a microscope. Microorganisms include microscopic organisms like bacteria, fungi, archaea, protozoa, and viruses.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Basic microscopy deals with a diverse group of studies that help in research related to the biochemistry, physiology, cell biology, ecology, evolution, and clinical aspects of microorganisms, including the host response to these agents.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Microbiology also deals with the structure, function, classification of such organisms, along with exploiting and controlling their activities.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The concept of microbiology began with the discovery of the microscope by Anton Von Leeuwenhoek.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>On the one hand, microbes are used for their unique features which allow the production of antibiotics, amino acids, hormones, and other therapeutic compounds, and also the production of food and food-related products.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Microorganisms are also involved in the decomposition of components such as lignocellulosic biomass for second-generation ethanol or biogas.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Similarly, certain genetic features and biochemical abilities of microorganisms make them dangerous for industry (food spoilage) as well as human health.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Microbiology, initially, was only associated with pathogenic microorganisms that result in different forms of diseases in different groups of living beings.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>With the establishment of microbiology as a discipline, the application of microorganisms in different areas has also increased.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The use of microorganisms in food and pharmaceuticals has given rise to the branching of microbiology into further disciplines and studies.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Thus, over the years, the branch has been classified into further groups like agriculture microbiology, food microbiology, pharmaceutical microbiology, systemic microbiology, etc.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The studies in microbiology have also increased due to the use of microorganisms in different researches as these are easy to manipulate and reproduce when compared to other living organisms.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Studies in microbiology are essential for the discovery of new and advanced methods for the discovery of emerging microorganisms and associated diseases and applications.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Microbiology also deals with techniques for the identification of these microorganisms, their classification, and the life cycle.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>All of this allows for a better understanding of microorganisms and their role in maintaining the ecosystem.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Microbiology and microorganisms can be applied for the formation of new genetically engineered microorganisms by a process like genetic recombination.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Besides, different microorganisms have found their application in the production of food, industrial products, and antibiotics.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","cat_name":"Basic Microbiology","category_nicename":"basic-microbiology","category_parent":0},{"term_id":2578,"name":"Instrumentation","slug":"instrumentation","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":2578,"taxonomy":"category","description":"<strong>Instrumentation is a collection of devices and mechanics used to measure, evaluate, and test systems.<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In biology, the instrumentation is considered a part of biomedical engineering where the working mechanism and the parts of a system are studies.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Instrumentation in biology or Bioinstrumentation is primarily concentrated on bringing the engineering and medical worlds together.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Different devices like centrifuges and autoclaves that are common in biological laboratories are a part of the instrumentation. Studies done in instrumentations allow the understanding of the parts and working mechanisms of such devices.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Other important techniques include chromatography which is routinely performed in laboratories to separate biological systems, which are also equally important.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Instrumentation is still an emerging discipline with new pieces of machinery still being produced for convenience in laboratories.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The application of bio-instruments is not only limited to laboratories as modern agriculture makes use of bio-instruments to monitor and evaluate soil and to measure plant growth.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Besides, these instruments can also be used to determine the physiological activities of plants like the carbon dioxide trade rate, net photosynthesis, etc.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Processes like electrophoresis make use of nucleic acids along with biosensors to compare the DNA sequences. This enables genetic testing and diagnosis of various diseases.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Genetic testing is heavily influenced by the progress made in instrumentation as new devices and techniques are discovered which makes the process faster, more accurate, and more reliable.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As RT-PCR and blotting are considered advanced molecular diagnosis methods, disease diagnosis becomes faster and more accurate than ever.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Determination of radioisotopes and concentration of a solution has been made easier with techniques like spectroscopy and colorimetry.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As the discipline continues to grow, the main focus of the field remains in the improvements of technology to make the medical processes faster and more efficient.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Instrumentation, thus, is slowly becoming an integral part of all biological fields with new emerging new technology and the discovery of fast and reliable procedures.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","parent":0,"count":64,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":2578,"category_count":64,"category_description":"<strong>Instrumentation is a collection of devices and mechanics used to measure, evaluate, and test systems.<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In biology, the instrumentation is considered a part of biomedical engineering where the working mechanism and the parts of a system are studies.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Instrumentation in biology or Bioinstrumentation is primarily concentrated on bringing the engineering and medical worlds together.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Different devices like centrifuges and autoclaves that are common in biological laboratories are a part of the instrumentation. Studies done in instrumentations allow the understanding of the parts and working mechanisms of such devices.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Other important techniques include chromatography which is routinely performed in laboratories to separate biological systems, which are also equally important.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Instrumentation is still an emerging discipline with new pieces of machinery still being produced for convenience in laboratories.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The application of bio-instruments is not only limited to laboratories as modern agriculture makes use of bio-instruments to monitor and evaluate soil and to measure plant growth.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Besides, these instruments can also be used to determine the physiological activities of plants like the carbon dioxide trade rate, net photosynthesis, etc.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Processes like electrophoresis make use of nucleic acids along with biosensors to compare the DNA sequences. This enables genetic testing and diagnosis of various diseases.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Genetic testing is heavily influenced by the progress made in instrumentation as new devices and techniques are discovered which makes the process faster, more accurate, and more reliable.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As RT-PCR and blotting are considered advanced molecular diagnosis methods, disease diagnosis becomes faster and more accurate than ever.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Determination of radioisotopes and concentration of a solution has been made easier with techniques like spectroscopy and colorimetry.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As the discipline continues to grow, the main focus of the field remains in the improvements of technology to make the medical processes faster and more efficient.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Instrumentation, thus, is slowly becoming an integral part of all biological fields with new emerging new technology and the discovery of fast and reliable procedures.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","cat_name":"Instrumentation","category_nicename":"instrumentation","category_parent":0}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30527"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30527"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30527\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/30529"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30527"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30527"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30527"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}