{"id":2158,"date":"2022-01-04T12:41:00","date_gmt":"2022-01-04T06:56:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/?p=2158"},"modified":"2022-01-08T01:30:43","modified_gmt":"2022-01-07T19:45:43","slug":"hektoen-enteric-agar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/hektoen-enteric-agar\/","title":{"rendered":"Hektoen Enteric Agar- Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, Uses"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Hektoen Enteric Agar is a selective and differential medium designed to isolate and differentiate members of the species <em>Salmonella<\/em> and <em>Shigella<\/em> from other <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/enterobacteriaceae-cultural-characteristics\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Enterobacteriaceae<\/a>.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The medium was introduced in 1968 by Sylvia King and William I. Metzger. They formulated HE Agar medium while working at the Hektoen Institute in Chicago, to increase the recovery\u00a0<em>Salmonella\u00a0<\/em>and\u00a0<em>Shigella<\/em>\u00a0from clinical specimens.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Hektoen-Enteric-Agar.jpg\" alt=\"Hektoen Enteric Agar\" class=\"wp-image-2159\" srcset=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Hektoen-Enteric-Agar.jpg 800w, https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Hektoen-Enteric-Agar-300x158.jpg 300w, https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Hektoen-Enteric-Agar-768x403.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_65 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0a0a0a;color:#0a0a0a\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0a0a0a;color:#0a0a0a\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/hektoen-enteric-agar\/#composition-of-hektoen-enteric-agar\" title=\"Composition of Hektoen Enteric Agar\">Composition of Hektoen Enteric Agar<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/hektoen-enteric-agar\/#principle-of-hektoen-enteric-agar\" title=\"Principle of Hektoen Enteric Agar\">Principle of Hektoen Enteric Agar<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/hektoen-enteric-agar\/#preparation-and-method-of-use-of-hektoen-enteric-agar\" title=\"Preparation and Method of Use of Hektoen Enteric Agar\">Preparation and Method of Use of Hektoen Enteric Agar<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/hektoen-enteric-agar\/#result-interpretation-on-hektoen-enteric-agar\" title=\"Result Interpretation on Hektoen Enteric Agar\">Result Interpretation on Hektoen Enteric Agar<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/hektoen-enteric-agar\/#uses-of-hektoen-enteric-agar\" title=\"Uses of Hektoen Enteric Agar\">Uses of Hektoen Enteric Agar<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/hektoen-enteric-agar\/#limitations-of-hektoen-enteric-agar\" title=\"Limitations of Hektoen Enteric Agar\">Limitations of Hektoen Enteric Agar<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/hektoen-enteric-agar\/#references\" title=\"References \">References <\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"composition-of-hektoen-enteric-agar\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Composition of Hektoen Enteric Agar<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Ingredients<\/strong><\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Gms\/liter<\/strong><\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Protease peptone<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">12.00<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Yeast extract<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">3.000<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Lactose<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">12.00<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Sucrose<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">2.000<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Salicin<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">9.000<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bile Salts mixture<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">9.000<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Sodium chloride<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">5.000<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Sodium thiosulfate<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">5.000<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ferric ammonium citrate<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">1.500<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Acid fuchsin<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">0.100<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bromothymol blue<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">0.065<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Agar<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">14.00<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Final pH (at 25\u00b0C): 7.5\u00b10.2<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"principle-of-hektoen-enteric-agar\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Principle of Hektoen Enteric Agar<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Hektoen enteric (HE) agar is a medium that relies on the use of bile salts for selective inhibition and two indicator systems:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">bromothymol blue and acid fuchsin as indicators of carbohydrate dissimilation and<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">ferric iron as an indicator of the formation of hydrogen sulfide from thiosulfate.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">HE agar allows a good growth of&nbsp;<em>Shigella<\/em> because the inhibition of these organisms by bile salts is reduced by the addition of relatively large amounts of peptone and carbohydrates.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The medium provides good colonial differentiation and inhibits some coliforms and other nonlactose-fermenting bacteria, thereby facilitating the identification of <em>Salmonella <\/em>and <em>Shigella <\/em>from food products.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">HE agar is composed of proteose peptone, yeast extract, sodium chloride, lactose, sucrose, salicin, bromothymol blue, acid fuchsin, sodium thiosulfate, iron (III) ammonium citrate, bile salts, agar, and distilled or deionized water.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">On HE agar,&nbsp;<em>Salmonella<\/em> produces transparent green or blue-green colonies with or without black centers and appears as almost completely black colonies.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Shigella<\/em> produces green, transparent colonies. As other organisms forms colonies similar to&nbsp;<em>Salmonella&nbsp;<\/em>and&nbsp;<em>Shigella<\/em>, biochemical and serological confirmatory tests are necessary.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Lactose, sucrose, or salicin fermenting gram-negative bacteria produces salmon-colored colonies.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"preparation-and-method-of-use-of-hektoen-enteric-agar\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Preparation and Method of Use of Hektoen Enteric Agar<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Suspend 72.66 grams in 1000 ml purified\/ distilled water.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Heat to boiling to dissolve the medium completely.<\/span><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><em>Note: DO NOT AUTOCLAVE.<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"3\"><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Cool to 45-50\u00b0C.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Mix well and pour into sterile Petri plates.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Inoculate the medium with fresh <\/span>faeces<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> suspended in <\/span>Ringers<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> solution or inoculate directly with rectal swabs<\/span>.<\/li><li>Sprea<span style=\"color: #000000;\">d the inoculum to obtain well-separated colonies<\/span>.<\/li><li>Incubat<span style=\"color: #000000;\">e for 18-24 hours at 37\u00b0C<\/span>.<\/li><li>Furthe<span style=\"color: #000000;\">r incubation will improve differentiation between <em>Salmonella <\/em>and&nbsp;<em>Shigella<\/em>.<\/span><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"result-interpretation-on-hektoen-enteric-agar\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Result Interpretation on Hektoen Enteric Agar<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Rapid lactose fermenters (such as <em>E. coli<\/em>) are moderately inhibited and produce bright-orange to salmon pink colonies.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Salmonella&nbsp;<\/em>colonies are blue-green typically with black centers from hydrogen sulfide gas.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Shigella <\/em>appear greener than <em>Salmonella<\/em>, with the color fading to the periphery of the colony.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Proteus&nbsp;strains are somewhat inhibited; colonies that develop are small transparent and more glistening or watery in appearance than species of&nbsp;<em>Salmonella&nbsp;<\/em>or&nbsp;<em>Shigella<\/em>.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Organisms<\/strong><\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Growth<\/strong><\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Salmonella<\/em> Typhimurium<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Blue-green with or without black <\/span>centers<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Salmonella<\/em> Abony<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Blue-green with or without black <\/span>centers<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Salmonella<\/em> Enteritidis<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Blue-green with or without black <\/span>centers<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Salmonella<\/em> Typhi<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Blue-green with or without black <\/span>centers<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Escherichia coli<\/em><\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Orange (may have bile precipitate)<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Shigella flexneri<\/em><\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Greenish blue<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Shigella sonnei <\/em><\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Growth good to excellent; colonies light green<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Proteus<\/em><\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Variable, blue-green to blue or salmon, most strains with black center or completely black<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Enterobacter\/Klebsiella<\/em><\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Large, yellow to salmon color<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"uses-of-hektoen-enteric-agar\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Uses of Hektoen Enteric Agar<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Hektoen Enteric Agar Medium is recommended for differential and selective isolation of <em>Salmonella<\/em> and<em> Shigella<\/em> species from enteric pathological specimens in accordance to United States Pharmacopoeia.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">This medium is recommended by United States Pharmacopoeia, 2009 for testing the presence of <em>Salmonella<\/em> in dietary supplements.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">This medium is recommended in the testing of <em>Salmonella<\/em> in food sample by various standards.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">HE agar is currently used as both a direct and indirect plating medium for fecal specimens to enhance the recovery of species of&nbsp;<em>Salmonella&nbsp;<\/em>and&nbsp;<em>Shigella<\/em>&nbsp;from heavy numbers of mixed normal fecal flora.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">It is used as a plating medium to recover gastrointestinal pathogens, such as <em>Salmonella <\/em>and <em>Shigella<\/em>, from food, water, and fecal samples suspected of containing these organisms.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"limitations-of-hektoen-enteric-agar\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Limitations of Hektoen Enteric Agar<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A single medium is only rarely able to recover all pathogens contained in a specimen. Therefore, additional media for the isolation of <em>Salmonella<\/em> and\/or <em>Shigella<\/em> and possibly for other enteric pathogens must be inoculated with the specimen.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Proteus mirabilis<\/em> colonies may resemble Salmonella on this medium.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Certain <em>Shigella<\/em> strains may need a 42 to 48 h incubation.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Although certain diagnostic tests may be performed directly on this medium, biochemical and, if indicated, immunological testing using pure cultures is necessary for complete identification.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Colonies suspected of being <em>Salmonella<\/em> or <em>Shigella<\/em> must be confirmed and identified biochemically and serologically.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"references\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>References <\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.austincc.edu\/microbugz\/hektoen_enteric_agar.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.austincc.edu\/microbugz\/hektoen_enteric_agar.php<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/microbeonline.com\/hektoen-enteric-agar-composition-principle-uses\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/microbeonline.com\/hektoen-enteric-agar-composition-principle-uses\/<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.himedialabs.com\/TD\/MU467.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.himedialabs.com\/TD\/MU467.pdf<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0079635203800565\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0079635203800565<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bd.com\/resource.aspx?IDX=8970\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.bd.com\/resource.aspx?IDX=8970<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.oxoid.com\/UK\/blue\/prod_detail\/prod_detail.asp?pr=CM0419&amp;org=124&amp;c=UK&amp;lang=EN\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.oxoid.com\/UK\/blue\/prod_detail\/prod_detail.asp?pr=CM0419&amp;org=124&amp;c=UK&amp;lang=EN<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hektoen Enteric Agar is a selective and differential medium designed to isolate and differentiate members of the species Salmonella and Shigella from other Enterobacteriaceae. The medium was introduced in 1968 &#8230; <a title=\"Hektoen Enteric Agar- Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, Uses\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/hektoen-enteric-agar\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Hektoen Enteric Agar- Composition, Principle, Preparation, Results, Uses\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2159,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[703],"tags":[4186,4246,4245,4237,4238,4244,4241,4240,4239,4242,4243],"custom":{"td_video":"","featured_image":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Hektoen-Enteric-Agar.jpg","author":{"name":"Sagar Aryal","avatar":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/862472ea06500d4318f1ad82addb608e?s=96&d=mm&r=g"},"categories":[{"term_id":703,"name":"Culture Media","slug":"culture-media","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":703,"taxonomy":"category","description":"<strong>Culture media or growth media is a liquid or gel support media provided with essential nutrients and growth parameters required for the growth of microorganisms.<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Culture media are of different types depending on the nutrients they have and the type of microorganisms that grow on them.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Growth media are primarily of two types; one for cell culture where specific cell types are grown of specific plants and animals, and another for microbiological culture to support the growth of microorganisms on artificial surfaces.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">For microbial culture, the most common culture media are agar plates or broth medium. Agar plates are made up of a growth medium containing agar that results in the formation of a gel-like support medium for growth.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The broth medium, in turn, is made without any agar, which gives it the consistency of a liquid support medium.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Both the agar plates and broth media can be either general media or selective media.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">General media support the growth of multiple organisms, while selective media allow the selective growth of fastidious organisms that require specific nutrient and environmental requirements.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">For microorganisms like viruses or parasites, a growth medium containing living cells are required.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">All culture media have a list of common ingredients like a source of carbon, a source of protein or nitrogen, some salts, and water.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the case of culture media used for a specific purpose; however, additional ingredients like organic compounds or pH indicators might also be present.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The most common general culture media for the isolation of bacteria is the Nutrient Agar that supports the growth of a diverse group of bacteria.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Culture media are an important part of routine laboratory research as it allows the artificial culture of microorganisms under laboratory conditions and also helps in isolation and differentiation of different microorganisms.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The growth pattern and colony morphology of certain bacteria on certain growth media provide a basis for the identification of the bacteria.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Traditionally, this technique was one of the most important methods of identification of microorganisms. It is still employed in many laboratories throughout the world for diagnostic and educational purposes.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","parent":0,"count":67,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":703,"category_count":67,"category_description":"<strong>Culture media or growth media is a liquid or gel support media provided with essential nutrients and growth parameters required for the growth of microorganisms.<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Culture media are of different types depending on the nutrients they have and the type of microorganisms that grow on them.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Growth media are primarily of two types; one for cell culture where specific cell types are grown of specific plants and animals, and another for microbiological culture to support the growth of microorganisms on artificial surfaces.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">For microbial culture, the most common culture media are agar plates or broth medium. Agar plates are made up of a growth medium containing agar that results in the formation of a gel-like support medium for growth.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The broth medium, in turn, is made without any agar, which gives it the consistency of a liquid support medium.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Both the agar plates and broth media can be either general media or selective media.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">General media support the growth of multiple organisms, while selective media allow the selective growth of fastidious organisms that require specific nutrient and environmental requirements.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">For microorganisms like viruses or parasites, a growth medium containing living cells are required.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">All culture media have a list of common ingredients like a source of carbon, a source of protein or nitrogen, some salts, and water.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the case of culture media used for a specific purpose; however, additional ingredients like organic compounds or pH indicators might also be present.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The most common general culture media for the isolation of bacteria is the Nutrient Agar that supports the growth of a diverse group of bacteria.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Culture media are an important part of routine laboratory research as it allows the artificial culture of microorganisms under laboratory conditions and also helps in isolation and differentiation of different microorganisms.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The growth pattern and colony morphology of certain bacteria on certain growth media provide a basis for the identification of the bacteria.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Traditionally, this technique was one of the most important methods of identification of microorganisms. It is still employed in many laboratories throughout the world for diagnostic and educational purposes.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","cat_name":"Culture Media","category_nicename":"culture-media","category_parent":0}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2158"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2158"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2158\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2159"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2158"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2158"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2158"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}