{"id":1611,"date":"2023-11-01T20:04:50","date_gmt":"2023-11-01T14:19:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/?p=1611"},"modified":"2023-11-07T09:33:09","modified_gmt":"2023-11-07T03:48:09","slug":"chloroplasts-structure-and-functions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/chloroplasts-structure-and-functions\/","title":{"rendered":"Chloroplasts: Definition, Structure, Functions, Diagram"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The word <i>chloroplast is<\/i>&nbsp;derived from the Greek words&nbsp;<em>chloros<\/em>, which means green, and&nbsp;<em>plastes<\/em>, which means &#8220;the one who forms&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Chloroplasts are membrane-bound plastids that contain a network of membranes embedded into a liquid matrix and harbor the photosynthetic pigment called chlorophyll.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">It is this pigment that imparts a green color to plant parts and serves to capture light energy.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Chloroplasts can be found in the cells of the mesophyll in plant leaves. <\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">There are usually 30-40 per mesophyll cells.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1205\" height=\"631\" src=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Chloroplast-Structure-Diagram.jpeg\" alt=\"Chloroplast Structure Diagram\" class=\"wp-image-41508\" srcset=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Chloroplast-Structure-Diagram.jpeg 1205w, https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Chloroplast-Structure-Diagram-300x157.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Chloroplast-Structure-Diagram-1024x536.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Chloroplast-Structure-Diagram-768x402.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1205px) 100vw, 1205px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Chloroplast Structure Diagram<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_65 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0a0a0a;color:#0a0a0a\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0a0a0a;color:#0a0a0a\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/chloroplasts-structure-and-functions\/#chloroplast-morphology\" title=\"Chloroplast Morphology\">Chloroplast Morphology<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/chloroplasts-structure-and-functions\/#types-of-pigments\" title=\"Types of Pigments\">Types of Pigments<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/chloroplasts-structure-and-functions\/#structure-of-chloroplasts\" title=\"Structure of Chloroplasts \">Structure of Chloroplasts <\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/chloroplasts-structure-and-functions\/#semi-autonomous-nature-of-chloroplast\" title=\"Semi-autonomous nature of chloroplast\">Semi-autonomous nature of chloroplast<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/chloroplasts-structure-and-functions\/#functions-of-chloroplasts\" title=\"Functions of Chloroplasts\">Functions of Chloroplasts<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/chloroplasts-structure-and-functions\/#references\" title=\"References\">References<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"chloroplast-morphology\"><\/span><strong>Chloroplast Morphology<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Its size and shape vary from species to species. In higher plants chloroplast are generally biconvex or planoconvex.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>However, in different plant cells, it may have various shapes such as filamentous, saucer, ovoid, discoid, spheroid, star-like girdle-shaped, spiral ribbon-like, reticulate, or cup-shaped.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The size of the chloroplast is generally measured at about 5-10 \u00b5m in diameter and 2-3 \u00b5m in thickness.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The chloroplast of cells of polyploid and shade plants are comparatively larger than the chloroplast of cells of diploid and sun plants.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>From cell to cell,&nbsp; chloroplast\u2019s numbers differ from one to another.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It depends on the physiological state of the cell also. For example,&nbsp;<em>Chlamydomonas<\/em>&nbsp;has only one chloroplast however 1-16 chloroplast in&nbsp;<em>Spirogyra.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>According to a calculation,&nbsp;<em>Ricinus communis&nbsp;<\/em>leaf contains about 400,000 chloroplasts per square millimeter of surface area.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The number of chloroplast gets increased by division when it&#8217;s inadequate in number.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Similarly, degeneration takes place when it&#8217;s excessive in number.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"types-of-pigments\"><\/span><strong>Types of Pigments<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Chlorophyll<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/chlorophyll\/\">Chlorophyll<\/a> is a green pigment located within the chloroplast. More specifically, it is found in the thylakoid membranes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The chlorophyll consists of 75% of chlorophyll a and 25% of chlorophyll b.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The chlorophyll absorbs energy from sunlight and the synthesis of food molecules in the chloroplast.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong>Carotenoids<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Carotenoids are the pigments present in chlorophylls which are located in the thylakoid membrane. Pigments like yellow and orange are present in it.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Carotenoids are related to vitamin A.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They are important because they can absorb a certain wavelength of light that can not be absorbed by chlorophylls.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Carotenoids are involved in a function known as photoprotection.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><strong>Xanthophylls<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>The carotenoids are carotenes and xanthophylls. Xanthophylls are present in the brown and green algae.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li><strong>Phycobilin<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Phycobilin is found only in red algae and&nbsp;<em>Cyanobacteria.<\/em>&nbsp;It has a relatively narrow distribution.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Phycoerythrin and phycocyanin are other accessory pigments belonging to this family.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Phycoerythrin makes red algae commonly red and phycocyanin causes the&nbsp;<em>Cyanobacteria<\/em>&nbsp;to appear blue-green.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"structure-of-chloroplasts\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Structure of Chloroplasts <\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Chloroplasts found in higher plants are generally biconvex or planoconvex shaped.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">In different plants, however, chloroplasts may have different shapes, varying from spheroid, filamentous saucer-shaped, discoid or ovoid-shaped.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">They can be found in the cells of the mesophyll in plant leaves. They are vesicular and have a colorless center.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The average size of the chloroplast is 4-6 \u00c2\u00b5 in diameter and 1-3 \u00c2\u00b5 in thickness.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The chloroplast has an inner and outer membrane with an empty intermediate space in between. Inside the chloroplast are stacks of thylakoids, called grana, as well as&nbsp;stroma, the dense fluid inside of the chloroplast. These thylakoids contain the chlorophyll that is necessary for the plant to go through photosynthesis. The space the chlorophyll fills is called the thylakoid space.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A chloroplast thus has the following parts:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Envelope (Outer membrane<\/strong>)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">It is a semi-porous membrane and is permeable to small molecules and ions, which diffuses easily. The outer membrane is not permeable to larger proteins.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Intermembrane Space<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">It is usually a thin inter-membrane space about 10-20 nanometers and it is present between the outer and the inner membrane of the chloroplast.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Inner membrane<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The inner membrane of the chloroplast forms a border to the stroma. It regulates the passage of materials in and out of the chloroplast. In addition to regulation activity, fatty acids, lipids, and carotenoids are synthesized in the inner chloroplast membrane.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Stroma<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Stroma is an alkaline, aqueous fluid that is protein-rich and is present within the inner membrane of the chloroplast. The space outside the thylakoid space is called the stroma. The chloroplast DNA chloroplast ribosomes and the thylakoid system, starch granules and many proteins are found floating around the stroma.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Thylakoid System<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The thylakoid system is suspended in the stroma. The thylakoid system is a collection of membranous sacs called thylakoids. The chlorophyll is found in the thylakoids and is the sight for the process of light reactions of photosynthesis to happen. The thylakoids are arranged in stacks known as grana. Each granum contains around 10-20 thylakoids.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Peripheral Reticulum<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The chloroplasts of certain plants contain an additional set of membranous tubules called peripheral reticulum that originates from the inner membrane of the envelope. Tiny vesicles bud off from the inner membrane of the chloroplast and assemble to form the tubules of the peripheral reticulum.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"semi-autonomous-nature-of-chloroplast\"><\/span><strong>Semi-autonomous nature of chloroplast<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Like the mitochondria, they are also known as semi-autonomous <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/cell-organelles\/\">cell organelles<\/a> as they have their DNA and complete machinery to synthesize some of the required proteins.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>While some other proteins depend upon nuclear <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/dna-deoxyribonucleic-acid\/\">DNA<\/a> and cytoplasmic <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/ribosome\/\">ribosomes<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chloroplast and <a href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/mitochondria\/\">mitochondria<\/a> are the only two organelles having their DNA.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Chloroplast-Genetic-Expression.jpeg\" alt=\"Chloroplast Genetic Expression\" class=\"wp-image-37953\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Chloroplast Genetic Expression<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"functions-of-chloroplasts\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Functions of Chloroplasts<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Chloroplasts are the sites for photosynthesis, which comprises a set of light-dependent and light-independent reactions to harness solar energy and convert it into chemical energy.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The components of chloroplast participate in several regulatory functions of the cell as well as in photorespiration.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Chloroplasts also provide diverse metabolic activities for plant cells, including the synthesis of fatty acids, membrane lipids, isoprenoids, tetrapyrroles, starch, and hormones.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Plants&nbsp;lack specialized&nbsp;immune cells\u2014all plant cells participate in the plant&nbsp;response. <\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The chloroplasts with the <strong><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/nucleus-structure-and-functions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">nucleus<\/a><\/strong> and cell membrane and <a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/endoplasmic-reticulum-er-structure-types-functions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>ER<\/strong><\/a> are the key organelles of pathogen defense.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Chloroplasts can serve as cellular sensors.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"references\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>References<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Verma, P. S., &amp; Agrawal, V. K. (2006). Cell Biology, Genetics, Molecular Biology, Evolution &amp; Ecology (1 ed.). S .Chand and company Ltd.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/s\/ref=dp_byline_sr_book_1?ie=UTF8&amp;text=Stephen+R.+Bolsover&amp;search-alias=books&amp;field-author=Stephen+R.+Bolsover&amp;sort=relevancerank\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stephen R. Bolsover<\/a>,&nbsp;<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/s\/ref=dp_byline_sr_book_2?ie=UTF8&amp;text=Elizabeth+A.+Shephard&amp;search-alias=books&amp;field-author=Elizabeth+A.+Shephard&amp;sort=relevancerank\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Elizabeth A. Shephard<\/a>,&nbsp;<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/s\/ref=dp_byline_sr_book_3?ie=UTF8&amp;text=Hugh+A.+White&amp;search-alias=books&amp;field-author=Hugh+A.+White&amp;sort=relevancerank\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hugh A. White<\/a>,&nbsp;<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/s\/ref=dp_byline_sr_book_4?ie=UTF8&amp;text=Jeremy+S.+Hyams&amp;search-alias=books&amp;field-author=Jeremy+S.+Hyams&amp;sort=relevancerank\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jeremy S. Hyams<\/a>&nbsp;(2011). Cell Biology: A short Course (3 ed.).Hoboken,NJ: John Wiley and Sons.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Alberts, B. (2004).&nbsp;Essential cell biology. New York, NY: Garland Science Pub.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">https:\/\/biologywise.com\/chloroplast-structure-function<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">https:\/\/alevelbiology.co.uk\/notes\/chloroplasts-structure-and-functions\/<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">https:\/\/study.com\/academy\/lesson\/chloroplast-definition-structure-function-examples.html<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">https:\/\/biologydictionary.net\/chloroplast\/<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">https:\/\/www.microscopemaster.com\/chloroplasts.html<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/research-topics\/5623\/structure-and-function-of-chloroplasts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/research-topics\/5623\/structure-and-function-of-chloroplasts<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The word chloroplast is&nbsp;derived from the Greek words&nbsp;chloros, which means green, and&nbsp;plastes, which means &#8220;the one who forms&#8221;. Chloroplasts are membrane-bound plastids that contain a network of membranes embedded into &#8230; <a title=\"Chloroplasts: Definition, Structure, Functions, Diagram\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/chloroplasts-structure-and-functions\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Chloroplasts: Definition, Structure, Functions, Diagram\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":41508,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3177],"tags":[3235,3229,3231,3230,3234,3232,3233],"custom":{"td_video":"","featured_image":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Chloroplast-Structure-Diagram.jpeg","author":{"name":"Sagar Aryal","avatar":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/862472ea06500d4318f1ad82addb608e?s=96&d=mm&r=g"},"categories":[{"term_id":3177,"name":"Cell Biology","slug":"cell-biology","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":3177,"taxonomy":"category","description":"<strong>Cell biology or cytology is a branch of biology that deals with studies related to the structure and function of a cell-based on the concept that the cell is the fundamental unit of life.<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A detailed study of the cellular structure and function provides a basis for studies related to tissues, organs, and the body.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The number of cells in an organism might differ as some organisms have a single cell while others are made up of billions of cells.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the case of single-celled organisms, the singular cell is studied, whereas, for multicellular organisms, individual cells of different tissues are studied.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Initially, only the outer structure of a cell was studied due to the lack of complex microscopic processes.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Over the years, however, advancements in other areas have made it possible to study the internal cellular components of a cell.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Apart from the cell structure and function, cell biology also deals with cell communication and signaling.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cell biology also involves the studying of the cell cycle and cell division, which provides insight into the cellular composition of an organism.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cell biology is also linked with other studies like genetics, molecular biology, cytochemistry, and biochemistry.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cells are distinguished as prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells based on the complexity of the cell.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cell biology enables studying the biochemical mechanisms involved in cell metabolism and different forms of cellular energy.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Focusing on the structural and functional aspects of a single cell allows a detailed understanding of the body overall.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is also easier to perform research on a single cell as it can be modified and observed efficiently.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Techniques in cell biology have advanced over the years with new and improved imaging techniques to observe smaller cellular organelles.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cell biology, together with systemic biology, helps in the answering of complex questions like the relationship between cellular networks, the evolutionary relationship between genomes, and the complexity of the biomolecular composition of different living organisms.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","parent":0,"count":107,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":3177,"category_count":107,"category_description":"<strong>Cell biology or cytology is a branch of biology that deals with studies related to the structure and function of a cell-based on the concept that the cell is the fundamental unit of life.<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A detailed study of the cellular structure and function provides a basis for studies related to tissues, organs, and the body.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The number of cells in an organism might differ as some organisms have a single cell while others are made up of billions of cells.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the case of single-celled organisms, the singular cell is studied, whereas, for multicellular organisms, individual cells of different tissues are studied.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Initially, only the outer structure of a cell was studied due to the lack of complex microscopic processes.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Over the years, however, advancements in other areas have made it possible to study the internal cellular components of a cell.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Apart from the cell structure and function, cell biology also deals with cell communication and signaling.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cell biology also involves the studying of the cell cycle and cell division, which provides insight into the cellular composition of an organism.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cell biology is also linked with other studies like genetics, molecular biology, cytochemistry, and biochemistry.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cells are distinguished as prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells based on the complexity of the cell.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cell biology enables studying the biochemical mechanisms involved in cell metabolism and different forms of cellular energy.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Focusing on the structural and functional aspects of a single cell allows a detailed understanding of the body overall.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is also easier to perform research on a single cell as it can be modified and observed efficiently.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Techniques in cell biology have advanced over the years with new and improved imaging techniques to observe smaller cellular organelles.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cell biology, together with systemic biology, helps in the answering of complex questions like the relationship between cellular networks, the evolutionary relationship between genomes, and the complexity of the biomolecular composition of different living organisms.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","cat_name":"Cell Biology","category_nicename":"cell-biology","category_parent":0}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1611"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1611"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1611\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/41508"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1611"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1611"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1611"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}