Online Microbiology and Biology Study Notes
Sudan Black B Staining definition Sudan stain is a special stain used for staining of fats and fat droplets using several Sudan dyes, which include Sudan II, Sudan III, Sudan IV, Oil Red O, and Sudan Black B. These Sudan groups of dyes are defined as lysochrome dyes which are soluble in fats and lipids and also lipid solvents. Structurally …
Masson’s Trichrome Staining definition Masson’s Trichrome Staining is a histological staining method used for selectively stain collagen, collagen fibers, fibrin, muscles, and erythrocytes. It uses three stains for staining hence the term Trichrome. These are Weigert’s Hematoxylin, Biebrich scarlet-acid fuschin solution, and Aniline blue. Objectives of Masson’s Trichrome staining To stain the collage fibers. To stain collagen. To stain keratin. …
Wheatley Trichrome Staining definition Wheatley Trichrome staining technique is a special permanent satin used in parasitology for the detection and identification of intestine protozoans from stool samples. Trichrome staining is performed on a PVA-fixed or Schaudinn’s- Preserved stool sample. The protozoan morphologies identified are cysts and trophozoites. Gomori developed this stain in 1951 and it was late modified by Wheatley …
What is positive staining? Positive staining of viruses is similar to negative staining. The difference is that the virus image is darker formed on a light background, unlike the negative staining where a light viral particle image is formed on a dark background. The technique is simple and it is used widely to study the diverse morphologies of viruses from …
What is Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) Staining? Periodic-Acid Schiff (PAS) staining technique is used in histochemistry and histological studies to demonstrate the presence of carbohydrates and carbohydrate compounds such as polysaccharides, mucin, glycogen, and fungal cell wall components. It has been used to detect glycogen in tissues such as the skeletal muscles, the liver, the cardiac muscles. It uses formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded …
What is Collagen Hybridizing Peptide Staining? Collagen is the major building block of all tissues including tendon, ligament, cornea, cartilage, and bone It is a fibrous, structural protein that made up of a right-handed bundle of three parallel, left-handed polyproline II-type helices. Collagen can undergo extensive proteolytic remodeling during development causing collagen degradation leading to a variety of life-threatening diseases such …
What is Iron-Hematoxylin Staining? This is a traditional staining technique commonly used for the detection of intestinal protozoans majorly because of its permanence and ability to demonstrate, observe, and quantify with high clarity protozoans nuclear structures. Iron hematoxylin was the stain used for most of the original morphological descriptions of intestinal protozoa found in humans. The iron hematoxylin staining method can stain …
What is Auramine- Rhodamine Staining? The evolution in staining methodologies has led to an era of modified staining techniques that are rapid, more versatile, and reliable in result interpretation. This is one of those techniques which was modified from the Acid Fast staining technique know as Ziehl-Neelsen Staining of Mycobacterium spp of bacteria. The major difference between these two techniques …
Hematoxylin and eosin staining technique functions to recognize different types of tissues and their morphological changes, especially in cancer diagnosis. Hematoxylin has a deep blue-purple color and stains nucleic acids by a complex, incompletely understood reaction. Eosin is pink and stains proteins nonspecifically. In a typical tissue, nuclei are stained blue, whereas the cytoplasm and extracellular matrix have varying degrees …
Read moreHematoxylin and eosin stain (H and E stain or HE stain)
The Gram stain was developed by Christian Gram in 1884 and modified by Hucker in 1921. The objective of Gram Stain This test differentiates the bacteria into Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria, which helps in the classification and differentiation of microorganisms. The Gram stain separates bacteria into two groups: (1) Gram-positive microorganisms that retain the primary dye (Crystal violet) and (2) …
Read moreGram Stain- Principle, Reagents, Procedure, Steps, Results