Virulence factors of Listeria monocytogenes 1. Adhesion proteins (Ami, Fbp A, flagellin) Mediate bacterial binding to host cell that contribute to virulence. 2. Listeriolysin O A hemolytic and cytotoxic toxin that … Read more
Pathogenesis of Francisella tularensis Francisella tularensis is carried by many species of wild rodents, rabbits, beavers. Humans become infected by handling the carcasses or skin of infected animals, by inhaling … Read more
Pathogenesis of Gardenerella vaginalis A. Adherence of G. vaginalis to Host Epithelium: Initial Steps in Invasion The initial steps of establishing infection include adherence to host receptor sites, production of … Read more
Virulence factors or antigenic structures of Neisseria gonorrhoeae A. Pili Pili are the hair like appendages that extend up to several micrometers from the gonococcal surface. It mediates the exchange … Read more
Virulence factors of Streptococcus pneumoniae Polysaccharide capsule The capsule is antiphagocytic, inhibiting complement deposition and phagocytosis. 2. Cell wall associated polymers and proteins Teichoic acid – binds to epithelial cells … Read more
Pathogenesis of Coxiella burnetii Human infection usually follows inhalation of aerosols containing C. burnetii. It is estimated that only between 1 and 10 bacteria are necessary to cause infection. C. burnetii has … Read more
Pathogenesis of Leptospira interrogans Leptospires usually enter the body through the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract or the conjunctivae, or through abraded skin, following exposure to contaminated water, … Read more
Pathogenesis of Treponema pallidum The two major routes of transmission of Treponema pallidum are sexual and transplacental. Sexual exposure to a person who has an active syphilitic chancre carries a … Read more
Virulence factors of Legionella pneumophila Heat shock protein 60: enhances invasion and cytokine expression in macrophages. Outer membrane protein: binding with and delivery of packaged materials into the eukaryotic cells. inhibit … Read more
