Online microbiology and biology related notes by SAGAR ARYAL
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Chromosomes The genome of an organism encompasses all of the genes of that organism. Gene is a distinct sequence of nucleotides forming part of a chromosome, the order of which determines the order of monomers in a polypeptide or nucleic acid molecule. Thus a protein-coding gene is defined as a region of … Read moreProkaryotic and Eukaryotic Chromosomes
Habitat of Acinetobacter baumannii The first Acinetobacter found in soil was discovered in 1911 by M.W. Beijerinck. It is associated with aquatics environment. It has been recovered from soil, water, animals, and humans. Found in the respiratory and oropharynx secretions of infected individuals. Found in hospital environment and accounts for 10% nosocomial infections in ICU. It … Read moreHabitat and Morphology of Acinetobacter baumannii
Structure of Human Cytomegalo Virus Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a member of the herpes virus family which fall under the beta herpes subfamily. CMV is spherical in shape with icosahedral symmetry. Figure: Structure of Human Cytomegalo Virus, Source: Dr. Marko Reschke, Marburg, Germany The icosahedral protein capsid with average diameter 100 nm consists of 162 hollow hexagonal … Read moreStructure and Genome of Human Cytomegalo Virus
Structure of Human Astrovirus Human astrovirus falls under Astroviridae and genus Mamastrovirus. The particles are round in shape, 28 nm in diameter with a smooth margin and display a five or six pointed star motif on their surface.The term astrovirus (Greek: astron- star) was coined to refer this feature. They are non-enveloped, spherical, capsid of about … Read moreHuman Astrovirus
Habitat and Morphology of Shigella dysenteriae Habitat of Shigella dysenteriae They are found worldwide. Humans are only the natural host. They are also found in human intestinal tract. They are mostly found in the area where there is overcrowded. Prevalent in low waste management areas and no safe drinking water supply. Houseflies serves as vectors. … Read moreHabitat and Morphology of Shigella dysenteriae
Habitat and Morphology of Klebsiella pneumoniae Habitat of Klebsiella pneumoniae They are found in mouth, skin and intestinal tract of human beings. They are also found in soil, water and sewage. Also found in bowel and respiratory tract of humans and animals. Found in the hands of hospital personnel. They are responsible for community and hospital … Read moreHabitat and Morphology of Klebsiella pneumoniae
Habitat and Morphology of Listeria monocytogenes Habitat of Listeria monocytogenes They are the natural pathogens of wide range of animals, birds, fish, ticks and crustacean. They are saprophytic in soil, water, sewage and plants decaying. They occasionally colonizes the human gastrointestinal tract (1-10%). They can be isolated from foods for human consumption, including raw and … Read moreHabitat and Morphology of Listeria monocytogenes
Habitat and Morphology of Corynebacterium diphtheriae Habitat of Corynebacterium diphtheriae Found in nasopharynx as well as in skin lesions, which actually represent a reservoir for the spread of diphtheria. Also found in mouth, throat, nose, skin and wound of infected person. Animals do not easily contract diphtheria. Patients carry toxigenic organism upto 3 months after infection. … Read moreHabitat and Morphology of Corynebacterium diphtheriae