Introduction As the Broth dilution method are time-consuming, many laboratories in the United States adopted disc diffusion tests in the early 1950s. Kirby Bauer tests also known as the Disc diffusion test is used for antibiotic susceptibility testing. Lacks of … Read more
What is a Chocolate? Chocolate originates from the processing of cacao beans. Cocoa beans are the seeds of the tree Theobroma cacao and they are in pods surrounded by sterile pulp. The beans must be removed from the pods, fermented, … Read more
What are Gonads? Gonads Definition The male and female gonads are endocrine glands that produce sex hormones essential for the development of reproductive organs and the proper functioning of the process of reproduction. Gonads secrete the same set of hormones … Read more
What is Pancreas? Definition of Pancreas The pancreas is a complex organ consisting of both exocrine and endocrine areas where the endocrine part is composed of discrete islets of Langerhans that secrete numerous hormones. The studies related to the Islets … Read more
What is Pineal Gland? Definition of Pineal Gland The pineal gland is an endocrine gland present at the geometric center of the brain that is essential in the circadian cycle of sleep and wakefulness of the body. Since the gland … Read more
What is Parathyroid Gland? Definition of Parathyroid Gland The parathyroid gland is a type of endocrine gland that occurs in the upper and lower poles of the thyroid gland. There are four parathyroid glands that are distributed as two glands … Read more
What is Adrenal Gland? Definition of Adrenal Gland The adrenal glands, also called suprarenal glands, are a pair of glands occurring on the top of kidneys and produce different steroid hormones. Adrenal glands consist of two distinct structures; the adrenal … Read more
What is Thymus Gland? Definition of Thymus Gland The thymus gland is one of the key organs in the lymphatic system, which occurs in the mediastinum below the sternum. The thymus extends from the lower edge of the thyroid gland … Read more
Microbiology terms and definitions from X X-factor definition Substances from the heme fraction of blood hemoglobin. (Microbiology: An Introduction by Tortora, Funke, and Case) X-ray definition The ionizing radiation that can be used to sterilize objects. (Alcamo’s Fundamentals of Microbiology) Xenobiotic … Read more
Microbiology terms and definitions from W Wart definition An epidermal tumor caused by papillomaviruses. (Foundation in Microbiology by Talaro and Chess) Wastewater definition The liquid derived from domestic sewage or industrial sources, which cannot be discarded in untreated form into lakes … Read more
Microbiology terms and definitions from A AB toxins definition Bacterial exotoxins consisting of two polypeptides. (Microbiology: An Introduction by Tortora, Funke, and Case) Exotoxins composed of two parts (A and B). The B portion is responsible for toxin binding to a … Read more
What is Thyroid Gland? Thyroid Gland Definition The thyroid gland is an endocrine gland that occurs in the neck and is essential for iodine metabolism and secretion of thyroid hormones. The gland is small and highly vascular, like most endocrine … Read more
Sugar is the widely used sugar in the food industry as a food product as well as a food preservative. Sucrose is the widely used sugar and is easily available in nature however, dextrose, lactose, and fructose are also used … Read more
Exocrine Glands Definition Exocrine glands are the glands with ducts that allow the cells to secrete their products into those ducts so that they can be released onto the surface of the target cells or organs. The cells of the … Read more
What is Pituitary Gland? Definition of Pituitary Gland The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland that works to maintain cellular homeostasis in the body by the release of different hormones. The pituitary gland is also called the master gland as … Read more
What is Endocrine System? Definition of Endocrine System An endocrine system is a group of ductless glands where the secretory cells diffuse the hormones directly into the bloodstream. The glands of the endocrine system are termed endocrine glands and are … Read more
What are Platelets (Thrombocytes)? Platelets (Thrombocytes) Definition Platelets or thrombocytes are anucleated cells derived from the megakaryocytic cells in the bone marrow that, besides being one of the key players in maintaining hemostasis, are involved in developing non-hemostatic immune functions. … Read more
What are Monocytes? Definition of Monocytes Monocytes are cells of the immune system that represent immune effector cells with chemokine receptors and pathogen recognition receptors that circulate through blood or remain localized in lymphoid organs. These cells account for about … Read more
What are Basophils? Definition of Basophils Basophils are nonphagocytic granulocytes that are the least common leukocytes occurring in the blood circulation and are critical to the immune response against parasites. Basophils are similar to eosinophils in that these are produced … Read more
What are Eosinophils? Definition of Eosinophils Eosinophils are motile phagocytic cells that play an important homeostatic role in providing defense against parasitic infections. Eosinophils are bone marrow-derived granulocytes that remain in the bloodstream for a shorter period of time and … Read more
Introduction Eggs are a highly nutritious food that contains proteins, minerals, fats, iron, phosphorus vitamins (A, B, D, E, and K) needed by human beings. The fully mixed egg contains about 65% water, 12% proteins, and 11% fat. These various … Read more